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Lecturer(s)
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Berková Marie, MUDr. Ph.D.
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Petřek Martin, prof. MUDr. CSc.
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Ondrůšková Rancová Hana, MUDr.
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Veselý Ondřej, MUDr.
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Navrátilová Zdenka, doc. Mgr. Ph.D.
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Petřková Jana, doc. MUDr. Ph.D.
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Course content
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Stress and general adaptation syndrome. Stressors, eustress, disstres. Stress phases. Chronic stress. Psychosomatic diseases. Pathophysiology of gastrointestinal tract. Dysphagia. Pathophysiology of esophagus.Ulcerative disease. Motility disorders of small and large intestine, diarrhea, constipation. Inflammatory bowel diseases. Malabsorption syndrome Selected problems of mouth cavity and dentition pathophysiology.Mouth cavity changes in nutrition disturbances, inflammatory processes, general diseases, tumours. Salivary gland diseases, lymphadenopathy. Pathophysiological principle of tooth decay and parodontopathy. Selected problems of liver, bile ducts and pankreas pathophysiology. Liver failure. Hepatic cirrhosis. Ascites. Jaundice ?causes, types, consequences. Acute and chronic pancreatitis. Nutrition disturbances. Nutritive and energetic balance, protein and nitrogen balance. Obesity. Malnutrition. Parenteric nutrition. Pathophysiology of lipid metabolism.Pathophysiology of purine metabolism. Gout.Disturbances of vitamins uptake. Hyper, hypo- vitaminosis. Pathogenetic aspects of modern diabetology. Diabetes types, genetic principle of DM predisposition. Autoimmune features of DM I.type. Trigger mechanisms . Principles of insulin resistance in DM II.type. Actual DM classifica- tion and diagnostic possibilities. Hypo, hyperglycaemia. Acute and chronic complications. Disturbances of homeostasis. Water and ion management. Disturbances of water and osmotic balance.Principles and risks of infusion therapy. Disturbances of acid-base balance (ABB). Acid-base quantities, parameters, classification, compensation, correction, therapy principles, complications. Pathophysiology of kidney functions. Acute and chronic kidney failure. Proteinuria. Haematuria. Nephrotic and nephritic syndrome. Pathogenesis of kidney diseases for extrarenal causes. Urolithiasis. Patophysiology of endocrine systém . Pathogenesis of endocrine gland diseases, modern knowledge of their role in homeostasis, defense mechanisms including immune reactions. Disturbances of thyroid. Disturbances of adrenal cortex, parathyroid gland funct. Disturbances of menstrual cycle. Hypogonadism. Bone and bone mineral pathophysiology.Osteoporosis, osteomalacia, rachitis, osteodys- trophia. Disturbances of calcium and phosphorus balance. Central and peripheral nervous system disorders. Overview of latest knowledge about pathogenesis of the most frequent central and peripheral nervous system diseases. Disability of pyramidal pathway. Disturbances of extrapyramidal system. Ataxy. Walking disorders. Brain perfusion disorders, vascular epizode, brain oedema. Epilepsy. Comas. Alzheimer disease. Consciousness and cognitive function disorders. Memory disorders. Speech function disorders. Pathophysiology of selected rheumatic diseases and systemic connective tissue diseases.Ethiopathogenesis, manifestation symptoms, therapy principles. MODS pathophysiology. Compensatory mechanisms, symptoms, consequences, complications.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Lecture, Dialogic Lecture (Discussion, Dialog, Brainstorming), Work with Text (with Book, Textbook), Methods of Written Work, Projection (static, dynamic)
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Learning outcomes
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During the course dentistry students of acquire knowledge about molecular, cellular, organ and systemic mechanisms of pathogenesis of disorders of nutrition, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, endocrine and nervous system. Pathophysiology of disorders of connective tissues and bones is also discussed. Students study systemic manifestations of abovementioned disorders and emphasis is made on pathogenesis of orofacial changes. Students learn to analyze typical clinical case studies related to dentistry praxis with reference to common principles of etiology and pathogenesis of diseases.
The subject introduces a student into a complex dynamic role and mutual interplay of both external (environmental) and internal (genetic) factors in the origin and development of diseases. Based on the definition of risk factors, the subject lays emphasis on the key role of the civilization risk factors and analyses the major civilization disorders as a consequence of the conflict between environmental cues and inherited dispositions. In particular, the student gets knowledge about etiopathogenesis of diseases and learns the basis for practical therapeutic and preventive measures.
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Prerequisites
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Completion of courses Anatomy, Physiology, Medical Biochemistry, Medical Biophysic. Completion of course Pathological Physiology - 2nd year. Registration of course Patology - 2nd year.
NAN/ZUB11 and PAT/ZUB12 and PFY/ZUB12 and FYZ/ZUB12 and BIO/ZUB11 and LCH/ZUB21 and LCH/ZUA21 and HIE/ZUA11
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Mark, Oral exam, Written exam, Essay
Credit conditions are as follows: 1) In accordance with Directive of the dean of the faculty of medicine and dentistry LF-B-18/14, article 7. item 1, Department sets the following limit for absences: 4,5 teaching hours (10%, this means 1 whole and 0.5 exercises) without apologies. Substitutions are provided at the 15th week of the study. 2) Credit will be granted upon successful answering 2/3 of questions from the respective term topics in the final test on the computer in the 15th week of the term. To take (or re-take) the Credit final test students must register on STAG. 3) There are two possibilities for correction of unsuccessful credit test; after that, at the discretion of the department, opportunity for oral correction with at least two teachers will be considered. 4) Unpreparedness of the student, i.e. the basic deficit in knowledge of the material discussed in the previous Pathophysiology lessons or crucial deficits from previous subjects, especially Physiology, Biochemistry, Histology, Anatomy, etc., can be a reason for exclusion from the lesson.
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Recommended literature
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http://pfyziolklin.upol.cz/. http://pfyziolklin.upol.cz/.
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Nečas, E. a kol. (2013). Obecná patologická fyziologie. Praha Karolinum.
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Nečas, E. a kol. (2013). Patologická fyziologie orgánových systémů. Část I.. Praha.
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Nečas, E. a kol. (2013). Patologická fyziologie orgánových systémů. Část II.. Praha.
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Pávková Goldbergová, M. (2016). Patofyziologie v obrazech. Brno: Masarykova univerzita.
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Vokurka M. a spol. (2012). Patofyziologie pro nelékařské směry. Praha.
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