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Lecturer(s)
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Sikorová Kateřina, Mgr. Ph.D.
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Petřek Martin, prof. MUDr. CSc.
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Navrátilová Zdenka, doc. Mgr. Ph.D.
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Course content
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HIV infection. AIDS. The present knowledge of etiology, pathogenesis and pathophysiological basis of the main symptoms of AIDS. Manifestation of HIV in association with oral lesions. Pathophysiology of cancerogenesis. Mechanisms of cell proliferation, invasive growth, metastases. Pathophysiological aspects of tumour symptoms, severe complications. Tumour markers. Representative chapters in pathophysiology of oral, mouth and dental diseases. Changes in the mouth associated with disturbances of nutrition, inflammatory processes, tumours and manifestation of generalised diseases. Changes associated with ageing. Salivary gland diseases. Lymphadenopathy. Pathophysiological basis of parodontopathies and caries of the tooth. Representative chapters in pathophysiology of digestive tract. The most significant disturbances of esophagus and stomach in population. Ulcerative disease.Overview of pathophysiological characteristics of malabsorption diseases. Main topics in pathophysiology of liver and pancreas. Liver failure,liver cirrhosis, ascites. Disturbances of exogenic pancreatic functions. Main topics in pathophysiology of kidney diseases. Acute and chronic kidney failure. Main pathophysiological aspects of glomerular and tubulo - intersticial disturbances affecting tissue metabolism of oral cavity. Disturbances of ions and water balance. Main control mechanisms for keeping water, ions and osmotic balance regulation between body compartments. Significance, symptoms and manifestation in human behaviour. Principles of the repare. Disturbances of fats metabolism as the most frequent and serious civilisation risc factor of heart and vessel diseases. Obesity as a civilisation disease. Pathophysiological aspects of etiology, development, prevention and therapy. Pathogenetic aspects of modern diabetology. Types of diabetes, genetic predisposition and role of enviromental factors. Autoimmune features of diabetes type I. Basis of inzulin-resistention and diabetes type II. Representative chapters in pathophysiology of endocrine system. Pathophysiological aspects of disturbances and diseases of endocrine glands from the point of modern knowledge of their role in regulation of homeostasis, their significance in defence processes and immune reactions. Stress and general adaptation syndrome. Stressors, eustress, distress. Adaptation syndrome. Iatrogenic influences in stomatological practice. Main topics in pathophysiology of nervous system aiming to brain nerves. Pathophysiological aspects of the most frequent diseases and disturbances of peripheral and central nervous system. Disturbances of neurotransmitters and receptors. Disturbances of promotion circulation of brain, strokes, brain oedema. Representative topics of pathophysiology of nervous system. Pathophysiological aspects of cramp attacks. Epilepsy. Disturbances of speech functions, dysarthry. Disturbances of memory and consciousness. Main civilisation neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer disease, Parkinsonism, Lewy body disease).
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Lecture, Dialogic Lecture (Discussion, Dialog, Brainstorming), Work with Text (with Book, Textbook), Methods of Written Work, Projection (static, dynamic)
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Learning outcomes
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The major objective of the course is to provide students of dentistry with knowledge that enables them to understand the causes of pathological states and the molecular, cellular, organ and systemic mechanisms of development of medical syndromes, symptoms, and major diseases. The course starts with studying the typical pathological processes: cell damage, inflammation, fever, disorders of water, ion and acid-base balance. Further on during the course students study pathophysiology of respiratory, cardiovascular system, blood and coagulation. Special attention is provided to manifestations of the systemic diseases in oral cavity, and role of the disorders of oral cavity in etiology and pathogenesis of the systemic diseases.
The subject introduces a student into a complex dynamic role and mutual interplay of both external (environmental) and internal (genetic) factors in the origin and development of diseases. Based on the definition of risk factors, the subject lays emphasis on the key role of the civilization risk factors and analyses the major civilization disorders as a consequence of the conflict between environmental cues and inherited dispositions. In particular, the student gets knowledge about etiopathogenesis of diseases and learns the basis for practical therapeutic and preventive measures
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Prerequisites
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Completion of courses Anatomy, Medical Biophysics, Medical Biochemistry, Physiology, Biology.
NAN/ZAB11 and BIO/ZAB11 and LCH/ZAA11 and LBF/ZAB11 and CJA/ZAB41 and CJA/ZAA41 and ST1/ZAA40 and ST1/ZAB40 and HIE/ZAB11 and KAR/VAB11 and ST1/ZAB01
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Mark, Oral exam, Written exam, Essay
1) In accordance with Directive of the dean of the faculty of medicine and dentistry LF-B-18/14, article 7. item 1, Department sets the following limit for absences: 4,5 teaching hours (10%, this means 1 whole and 0.5 exercises) without apologies. Substitutions are provided at the 15th week of the study. 2) Credit will be granted upon successful answering 2/3 of questions from the respective term topics in the final test on the computer in the 15th week of the term. To take (or re-take) the Credit final test students must register on STAG. 3) There are two possibilities for correction of unsuccessful credit test; after that, at the discretion of the department, opportunity for oral correction with at least two teachers will be considered. 4) Unpreparedness of the student, i.e. the basic deficit in knowledge of the material discussed in the previous Pathophysiology lessons or crucial deficits from previous subjects, especially Physiology, Biochemistry, Histology, Anatomy, etc., can be a reason for exclusion from the lesson.
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Recommended literature
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Grossman, S., Porth, C.M. (2014). Porth's Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States. Wolters Kluwer Health. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
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McCance, K.L., Huether, S.E. (2018). Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children. Mosby.
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Silbernagl, S., Lang, F., Gay, R., & Rothenburger, A. (2016). Color atlas of pathophysiology.
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