1. Introduction and explanation of the issue: the natural nucleosides and nucleotides, bases, their interaction, Watson - Crick hydrogen bonding, chemical and physical properties; metabolism; RNA catalytic properties, current theories about the evolution of nucleic acids and proteins. 2. Method of synthesis synthetic nucleoside analogs, C-nucleosides and their preparation and properties, base modifications. Examples of commonly used reaction schemes. Alternative hydrogen bonds, and other types of interactions. 3. Synthesis of DNA and RNA to the solid phase phosphoramidite and H-phosphonate approach, protective groups, automatic synthesis, yields, deprotection, synthesis limitations. Methods for purification of oligonucleotides. Oligonucleotides with modified phosphates, their use. 4. Replication, examples of DNA and RNA polymerases and mechanisms, which use these enzymes for identifying base. Brief summary of transcription and translation. Examples of control these processes by influenza virus. Attempts to create artificial base pairs, and the expansion of the genetic code. 5. Synthesis of oligonucleotides with the use of enzymes, PCR detection, radioactive and fluorescent labels. Gel electrophoresis, detection of products. Fluorescent nucleosides, examples and applications, chips, molecular beacons monitoring process by PCR. 6. MicroRNA, siRNA control.
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This lecture is focused on nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids and their chemistry and molecular biology. Its especially suitable for the students on the border between organic, bioorganic, medicinal chemistry and molecular and chemical biology.
The ability to find the connections between organic chemistry, biochemistry, and biology and to use it to solve the problems and mechanisms of the reactions in the living organisms
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