Introduction to the study of physics 1. Physical quantities and units - Basic and secondary units of the SI system, scalar and vector quantities. Selected chapters from electricity and magnetism 2. Stationary electric field, electric charge, Coulomb's law, electric potential, voltage, conductor capacity, capacitors. Electrostatic induction, dielectric polarization. 3. Simple circuit, electric current, electromotive voltage, Ohm's law, Kirchhoff's laws and their use in solving simple electrical networks. 4. Steady electric current in metal conductors, semiconductors, electrolytes, gases and in vacuum, laws of electrolysis. Electrophoresis, motion of charged molecules in an electric field. Thermoelectric effect, Peltier cells. 5. Stationary magnetic field, field of a conductor with current, forces acting in a magnetic field on charged particles, ions and a conductor with current, mass spectroscopy. Magnetic field in the material environment, magnets. 6. Non-stationary electromagnetic field: Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, self and mutual induction. Alternately currents, electricity generation. Electromagnetic oscillations and waves. 1st test Selected chapters from optics and physics of the microworld 7. Electromagnetic radiation and its properties, origin and propagation of optical radiation. Absorption of electromagnetic radiation, Lambert-Beer's law. Properties and classification of optical media, dispersion, absorption and scattering of light. Classification of anisotropic materials and their use. Polarization of light. Basics of color theory. Light sources (comparison of light bulb, LED and laser, achievable light intensity, waste heat), continuous and line spectrum, photoreceptors responding to a specific wavelength. 8. Laws of geometric optics, ray imaging, refraction and reflection of light. Basic types of optical systems, mirror imaging, thin lens, optical instruments. 9. Fundamentals of wave optics, interference and coherence of light, diffraction, thin films, gratings. Instrument resolution limit, monochromator (grid, prism), interference filter. Lasers, the principle of optical holography. 10. Corpuscular-wave dualism, photons, particles, de Broglie waves. Photo effect, principle of operation of photomultiplier, CCD chip. Wave function, uncertainty relation, tunneling phenomenon. Atomic envelope, atom models. Bohr's model of the hydrogen atom. X-rays radiation and its use in medicine, Jablonsky diagram, fluorescence, phosphorescence, lifetime of the excited molecule. Nuclear magnetic resonance, magnetic dipole moment. 11. Atom nucleus, composition, properties, models. Radioactive decay, ionizing radiation, dosimetry. Nuclear processes (fission, thermonuclear fusion) and energy. 2nd test
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