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Lecturer(s)
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Martinková Michaela, Mgr. Ph.D.
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Emonds Joseph Embley, prof. Ph.D., M.A.
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Course content
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1-2. Introduction. Comparative method, Grimm´s law. Division of Proto Germanic. i-umlaut 3-4. Old English (West Saxon) as part of Germanic. OE spelling and pronunciation. OE word order. OE nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and verbs I. Preterito-present verbs. Colloquy on occupations. 5. Finish Old English: OE verbs 2, analytical forms. OE vocabulary. 6. England in the early Middle Ages (roughly 850-1250). Middle English dialects. Old Norse and Old English lexicon in early ME. 7. Early Old Norse (Common Scandinavian) characteristics of Middle English inflection and grammar 8.French vocabulary floods. ME Inflectional and Derivational Morphology, Poetic Meter (from French). 9. Influence of French on Middle English spelling and pronunciation. Reading an excerpt from the Peterborough Chronicle (EME). 10. Reading excerpts from Chaucer's Canterbury Tales (LME). Start GVS 11. Pronunciation from EModE - finish GVS, start changes in consonants. 12. Finish changes in consonants. Start reading Shakespeare. Personal, relative, reflexive pronouns and their ME and EModE sources. 13. Finish Shakespeare (EModE). The development of English modals and do-support, and placement of negation (-n't).
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Lecture, Dialogic Lecture (Discussion, Dialog, Brainstorming), Demonstration
- Attendace
- 26 hours per semester
- Homework for Teaching
- 74 hours per semester
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Learning outcomes
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English as part of Germanic. Old English as a West Germanic language. Middle English - continuation of OE, or anglicized old Norse? Early Modern English. Word order, do-support, modal verbs. Historical reasons for the rift between spelling and sound in PDE, PDE vowels and consonants in historical perspective.
Students will learn about the place of English among Germanic languages. They will be introduced to the stages in the development of English and to the major changes English underwent. They will be able to explain the PDE differences between spelling and sound and irregularities in the morphology and syntax of PDE. Two theoriies about the origins of ME will be introduced, students will learn how to argue for and against.
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Prerequisites
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Students are expected to be familiar with the phonological system of Present-day English (see requirements of KAA/AF01), its grammar (KAA/GRFZ) and vocabulary (LEX1).
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Student performance, Dialog, Written exam
Attendance (75%), home readings Cumulative credit: 5 tests, one oral sesion on readings OE, ME and EModE texts Topics for LIA1, LIA2 exams as of Winter 2022 TOPIC 1. The phonology of Proto-Germanic (Grimm´s law, ablaut). The P-G inflectional system. Vocabulary of P-G, borrowing into P-G. Sub-division of Germanic languages, i-umlaut. Comparative method. TOPIC 2. Grammatical properties of the West Germanic branch of I-E. Morpho-syntactic properties of Old English (West Saxon): Case and Grammatical Gender, OE demonstrative and personal pronouns, tenses in OE. OE vocabulary and word formative processes, borrowing. The source of the indefinite and definite article. OE spelling and pronunciation. TOPIC 3. Middle English dialects; the syntactic split between North-East and South-West. North Germanic grammar (Scandinavian ancestry) and West Germanic (ancestors of German, Frisian, Dutch). The development in ME of the phrasal verbs, preposition stranding, split infinitives and word order of PDE. Simplification of English inflections. TOPIC 4. Vocabulary in the East Midlands. The Norse (1150-1250), French (1250-1400), Latin and Greek (1400-1600) vocabulary floods, and the sociolinguistic differences among these new lexical sources. The general sociology of borrowing. Restrictions on borrowing closed class items. TOPIC 5. Morphology and syntax of ME and PDE nouns in a historical perspective. Verner's law and voicing in ME and Mod English noun plurals and possessives. PDE irregular plurals and their historical sources. Morphology and syntax of ME and PDE adjectives, Historical sources and development of PDE personal, demonstrative, reflexive, interrogative and relative pronouns. TOPIC 6. PDE verbs and their grammatical subcategories in a historical perspective. Strong and weak verbs and their development. Times when temporal aspect auxiliaries have and be took on their PDE forms. The historical stages of contexts which use participles and gerunds. Differences between ME and Early ModE. TOPIC 7. The history of do-support. Origin of the NICE Properties of Auxiliaries and modals. The incompatibility of lexical verbs and NICE properties. Modal auxiliaries: present status and diachronic stages. Word order in affirmative declarative sentences and in interrogative sentences from OE on. TOPIC 8. Spelling and pronunciation of PDE consonants in a historical perspective. Spelling, pronunciation and phonological status of fricatives and affricates from OE on. French influence on ME spelling and pronunciation, stress patterns. New phonemes in EModE and ModE. The influence and final loss of postvocalic /r/ TOPIC 9. Spelling and pronunciation of PDE vowels in historical perspective. Phonology of OE and ME: LOE and EME vowel lengthening. Vowel length as a phonemic feature at the turn of ME, spelling of long and short vowels in ME. The Great Vowel Shift and other changes of vowels from ME on.
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Recommended literature
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Barber, Charles. The English language: A Historical Introduction..
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Baugh, A. C., & Cable, T. (2003). A history of the English language. London: Routledge.
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CABLE, Thomas. (2002). A Companion to Baugh and Cable?s A History of the English Language.
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Emonds, J.E and Faarlund, J. T. (2014). English: The Language of the Vikings.. Olomouc.
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Lass, Roger. (2001). The Cambridge history of the English language. Vol. 3, 1476-1776. Selected chapters. Cambridge.
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McCRUM, Robert, CRAN, William, and Robert MACNEIL. (1986). The story of English..
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Vachek, Josef. (1978). A Brief Survey of the Historical Development of English..
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