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Lecturer(s)
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Opatrný Tomáš, prof. RNDr. Dr.
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Course content
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Introduction, fundamentals of thermodynamics: Zero and the first law of thermodynamics, state parameters, the equation of state, thermodynamic equilibrium. Heat, heat capacity. Reversible and irreversible processes, second law of thermodynamics. Entropy, Carnot cycle. Thermodynamic processes with ideal gas. Temperature dependence of heat capacity. The third law of thermodynamics. Thermodynamic potentials, free energy, enthalpy, Gibbs potential. Maxwell relations. Joule-Thomson effect. Application of potentials in the study of heat engines and processes. Thermodynamics of phase transitions: condition for equilibrium of phases, Clausius-Clapeyron equation, Gibbs phase rule, classification of phase transitions, phase diagram, van der Waals equation and condensation, surface tension, Laplace pressure. Introduction to statistical physics, phase space, Hilbert space, distriution function, density matrix, Liouville equation. Recalling basic concepts of the probability theory. Statistical ensembles. Microcanonical, Gibbs canonical and grandcanonical distribution, statistics of an open system. Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, equipartition theorem, heat capacities, one- and two-atomic ideal gas. Velocity distribution of ideal gas molecules, spectral linewidth. Quantum description of gas molecules as particles in a potential well, finding thermodynamic quantities from the quantum description of the system. Connection between quantum and statistical physics, distinguishable and nondistinguishable particles, Gibbs paradox. Entropy and its properties, Maxwell demon, connection between thermodynamics and the theory of information. Statistics of spin systems, paramagnetism. Statistics of a system of harmonic oscillators, classical and quantum model. Black body radiation - Planck law, Stefan-Boltzmann law, Wien's displacement law, pressure and entropy of radiation. Heat capacity of crystals: Dulong-Petit law, Einstein model, Debye model. Quantum statistics of ideal gases: Bosons and fermions, Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac distribution. Ideal Fermi gas, Fermi energy, electron gas, Richardson-Dushman formula for thermoemission current. Relation between size and mass of a white dwarf. Bose-Einstein condensation, critical temperature. Experimental realization of BEC. Basics of fluctuation theory: fluctuation of energy and particle number, fluctuation of thermodynamic quantities.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Monologic Lecture(Interpretation, Training), Dialogic Lecture (Discussion, Dialog, Brainstorming), Work with Text (with Book, Textbook), Methods of Written Work
- Attendace
- 52 hours per semester
- Homework for Teaching
- 39 hours per semester
- Preparation for the Exam
- 30 hours per semester
- Preparation for the Course Credit
- 15 hours per semester
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Learning outcomes
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Understanding basic concepts of thermodynamics and statistical physics. Ability to solve physical problems in the field of thermodynamics and statistical physics. Improving the ability to work with contemporary scientific literature in a foreign language.
Ability to use the thermodynamic laws for solving physical problems. Ability to solve typical problems in the field of statistical physics. Ability to acquire information from contemporary scientific literature and discuss them with peers.
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Prerequisites
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Mathematics: derivatives and integrals, basics of probability and statistics. Physics: classical mechanics, electromagnetic filed, basics of quantum mechanics.
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Mark, Written exam, Analysis of linguistic, Analysis of Activities ( Technical works)
Grading is based on the score of tests written during the semester, final test, and evaluation of a presentation given during the exercises. The full score is 100 points, out of which 45 is for the final test, 20 is for an intermediate test, and 35 is for the work during exercises. Evaluation of the work during exercises is mostly based on 10-minute tests written at each exercise. Each of these tests will contain a modified version of one of the homework problems assigned during the preceding exercise. A part of the exercise work is a short (approx. 10 minutes) presentation referring about a scientific article from some international physical journal (e.g., Nature, Physics Today, American Journal of Physics, etc.). The topics of the article should be connected to statistical physics or thermodynamics. The material will then be discussed with the class. Up to 5 points can be gained for this presentation. The presentation and getting at least 25 points during semester (score composed of the intermediate test plus 10-minute tests plus presentation) are a necessary condition for the course credit prior to examination. Grading: A 91 - 100 points B 82 - 90 points C 73 - 81 points D 64 - 72 points E 55 - 63 points
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Recommended literature
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Čulík F., Noga M. (1982). Úvod do štatistickej fyziky a termodynamiky. Alfa, Bratislava.
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Feynman, R. P. (2013). Přednášky z fyziky 1-3. Fragment Praha.
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Glazer M., Wark J.. Statistical Mechanics.
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Greiner, W., Neise, L., Stöcker, H.:. Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics.
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J. Kvasnica. Statistická fyzika, Academia, Praha, 1983 (2. vydání 1998)..
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J. Kvasnica. Termodynamika, SNTL, Praha, 1965..
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Klvaňa F., Lacina A., Novotný J. (1975). Sbírka příkladů ze statistické fyziky. UJEP Brno.
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Kubo, R. Statistical Mechanics.
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Kubo, R. Thermodynamics.
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Lacina, A. Základy termodynamiky a statistické fyziky.
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Levič V.G. Úvod do statistické fysiky.
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Reichl L. E. A modern course in statistical physics.
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