Course: Non-strabismic disorders of binocular vision

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Course title Non-strabismic disorders of binocular vision
Course code OPT/ABP
Organizational form of instruction Lecture + Exercise + Seminar
Level of course Master
Year of study 2
Semester Winter
Number of ECTS credits 4
Language of instruction Czech
Status of course Compulsory
Form of instruction Face-to-face
Work placements This is not an internship
Recommended optional programme components None
Lecturer(s)
  • Machýčková Lucie, Mgr.
  • Pluháček František, doc. RNDr. Mgr. Ph.D.
Course content
Introduction - classification and overview of vergence disorders and their treatment; compensated and decompensated heterophoria - possible approaches to the investigation of vergence disorders of binocular vision (graphic analysis, normative analysis, fixation disparity, etc.) Graphic analysis - basic concepts (tonic and accommodative vergence); importance of graphic analysis in visual training - necessary examinations of the vergence and accommodation system, construction of the graph, interpretation of the graph, determination of the optimal correction procedure Fixation disparity analysis - fixation disparity, fixation disparity models, detection and measurement options, associated phoria - Mallet's approach to fixation disparity analysis (Mallet's test, normal values, clinical application) - Fixation disparity curves: measurement options, basic parameters and their interpretation, influence of central and peripheral fusion stimulus, clinical application - MKH - measurement and correction method according to Haase: concept and principles of the method, necessary tests and their characteristics, possible problems in use Visual training - introduction to the issue of visual training, types of training - solving vergence dysfunctions using visual training: basic principles and principles, overview of methods - methods of vision therapy for strengthening the motor component (haploscopic methods, anaglyphic and polarization methods, free-space fusion techniques) - methods of vision therapy to strengthen coordination and convergence - solving central suppression - other methods of visual training (accommodative, for amblyopia, perceptual, sports, for users of digital devices, neurovisual rehabilitation of vision, etc.) - computer programs for visual training, home methods of visual training; recommended therapy procedures and their effectiveness in specific cases Binocular and accommodative difficulties associated with the use of digital devices. In seminars, specific case studies are presented and analyzed, students analyze specific cases assigned. In exercises, individual methods and techniques are demonstrated; students in small groups perform the appropriate measurements (measurement of parameters and construction of a graph for graphic analysis, detection of fixation disparity and measurement of association phoria on the Mallet test, measurement of parameters and construction of fixation disparity curves, determination of correction using the MKH method, training of selected methods of visual therapy).

Learning activities and teaching methods
Lecture, Demonstration, Laboratory Work, Group work
  • Attendace - 39 hours per semester
Learning outcomes
The course follows up on the issues of binocular vision and its correction, included in the bachelor's degree program. The aim is to supplement and expand knowledge and skills in selected areas (especially graphic analysis, vision therapy).
Investigate binocular functions using various approaches, analyze, interpret and classify data, propose and possibly compare solution options.
Prerequisites
Knowledge of binocular vision and the possibilities of its correction at the level of a bachelor's degree in optometry.

Assessment methods and criteria
Student performance, Written exam

Active participation in exercises and seminars, completion of assigned tasks, preparation of measurement protocols.
Recommended literature
  • Elliot, D.B. (2026). Clinical Procedures in Primary Eye Care. 6th Edition.
  • Evans B. J. W. (2021). Pickwells Binocular Vision Anomalies. 6th Edition. Elsevier.
  • Grosvenor, T. (2007). Primary Care Optometry, 5th edition. Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • Heissigerová, J. a kol. (2023). Oftalmologie. 3. vydání. Praha.
  • Scheiman, M., Wick, B. (2019). Clinical Management of Binocular Vision: Heterophoric, Accommodative, and Eye Movement Disorders. 5th Edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.


Study plans that include the course
Faculty Study plan (Version) Category of Branch/Specialization Recommended year of study Recommended semester
Faculty: Faculty of Science Study plan (Version): Optometry (2022) Category: Health service 2 Recommended year of study:2, Recommended semester: Winter