A basic and state-level subject that focuses on the following thematic areas: Historical development, objectives of the Community and the European Union, political context. Basic concepts: European law, community law and Union law, acquis communautaire. Supranational character of the European Union. Institutions: European Commission, Council of the EU, European Council. Composition and powers. Changes in the intentions of the Treaty of Lisbon and its consequences. European Parliament and legislative procedures. Legislative foundations of EU law. New procedures within the framework of the Treaty of Lisbon. Auxiliary and advisory bodies and their role. Sources of European law - primary law, mixed treaties, acts of representatives of the Member States, secondary law, general principles of law, constant case law of the Court of Justice of the EU. Union judiciary - structure, proceedings before the Court of Justice and the General Court, direct actions. Preliminary ruling procedure based on Article 267 TFEU. The nature of EU law and the principles of its application - autonomy of EU law, direct effect and immediate applicability of EU law norms. Directives and their legal effects - direct effect, exclusionary effect, directives in triangular situations. Indirect effect of European Union law and liability for damage caused by a breach of European Union law. Relationship of European Union law to the national law of the Member States - principle of primacy. Protection of human rights at the EU level - EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and its specifics. Problems of judicial enforcement of rights protected by the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. European Union and protection of common European values. Judicial procedure, political procedure ("nuclear option), Rule of law conditionality and other instruments in the light of current developments.
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