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Lecturer(s)
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Šebela Karel, Mgr. Ph.D.
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Šebelová Jana, Mgr.
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Course content
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The course provides the basics of propositional logic and the theory of logical entailment. Students will acquire the skill to convert natural language sentences into the language of propositional logic and the ability to verify a validity of arguments. The course also concerns the issue of logical argumentation and argumentation errors related to incorrect use of logical operators and inference rules. Acquired skills are practiced on concrete examples. Content: 1. Introduction. Definition and classification of logic. The theory of logical entailment. Properties of valid arguments. 2. Logical argumentation and argumentation errors related to incorrect use of logical operators and inference rules. 3. Basic concepts of propositional logic. Overview of truth-functional connectives. Syntax and Semantics of PL. Well-formed formulas. Model of formula. Satisfiable formulas, tautology, contradiction. 4. Logical analysis of language. Transforming natural language to the PL language. 5. Semantic methods of PL. The truth-table method. Method of indirect semantic proof. Verification formulas. 6. Laws of transformation of formulas. Negation of formulas. 7. Functionally complete system of truth-functional connectives. Proof on the minimum of connectives. 8. Normal forms of formulas of propositional logic. Prove that a formula is a tautology, contradiction, satisfiable. 9. Types of proofs. Theorem of deduction. Soundness and completeness. 10. Natural deduction in PL. The system of inference rules. 11. Proofs PL theorems. 12. Definition, explification, classification.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Lecture
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Learning outcomes
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The aim of the course is student's ability of analyzing sentences in natural lunguage via propositional logic to make semantical (table method, method of semantical indirect proof) and syntactical proofs (natural deduction) of arguments.
Students will acquire the skill to convert natural language sentences into the language of propositional logic and the ability to verify a validity of arguments. They will be able to identify argumentative errors of incorrect use of Logical operators and inference rules.
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Prerequisites
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Studying do not depend on attending another subject.
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Written exam
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Recommended literature
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J. Štěpán. (2001). Klasická logika. Olomouc.
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M. Číhalová. (2015). Studentův průvodce kurzem Klasická logika. Západočeská univerzita v Plzni.
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