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Lecturer(s)
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Gutiérrez Rubio Enrique, doc. Mgr. Ph.D.
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Zajícová Lenka, prof. Mgr. Ph.D.
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Course content
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1) Causes, typology, and consequences of language changes. Definition of the terms substrate, adstrate, and superstrate. Methods and limitations of diachronic linguistics. 2) Periodization of the development of Latin, variants of Latin with an emphasis on the differences between spoken and written forms. Phonology of Latin. The nature of the Latin accent. 3) The historical context of the formation of popular Latin, Romance languages on the Iberian Peninsula and Castilian (pre-Roman settlement of Hispania, Romanization, Germanic invasions, period of Muslim domination, reconquest, migration, language contact on the Iberian Peninsula, imperial expansion of Castile, etc.) 4) Development of vowels from popular Latin to modern Spanish: disappearance of vocal quantity, disappearance of Latin diphthongs and hiatus, emergence of new diphthongs, closing of vowels due to /w/ and /y/, Castilian umlaut, apocope of final -e in Old Castilian. 5) Palatalization of consonants at the beginning of a syllable due to palatal vowels and yod. Palatalization of consonants in internal consonant clusters. The development of the consonants of Old Castilian in the 15th-17th century in Castile and western Andalusia with consequences for the emergence of contemporary dialects. 6) Lenization and its influence on original Latin voiced, voiceless and geminated consonants. Development of other internal consonant groups (assimilation/degemination, dissimilation, etc.). 7) Development of Latin initial consonants and consonant groups. Development of final consonants 8) Diachronic morphology: the disappearance of the Latin declension of nouns, adjectives and pronouns and its causes. Replacement of declension with prepositions and fixed word order. 9) Diachronic morphology: development of Latin conjugation, continuity, transformation, emergence of compound verb tenses, periphrastic passive, emergence of new verb irregularities. 10) The development of pronouns, sociolinguistic aspects of the use of the pronouns tú/vos (vosotros)/vuestra merced (usted) in the Middle Ages and in the modern age, the emergence of the so-called voseo. The origin and use of the article with an emphasis on its historical differences.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Lecture, Dialogic Lecture (Discussion, Dialog, Brainstorming), Work with Text (with Book, Textbook)
- Attendace
- 25 hours per semester
- Preparation for the Exam
- 12.5 hours per semester
- Homework for Teaching
- 87.5 hours per semester
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Learning outcomes
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The subject focuses on the development of the phonetical, morphological, and syntactic plan of the popular Latin spoken in the territory of today's Spain, the so-called Romances, old Castilian and modern Spanish. The subject is also dedicated to the basic historical, political, and cultural processes that co-created the conditions of language development in Spain with special attention to language contact.
None.
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Prerequisites
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None.
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Written exam, Student performance
Final written exam, reading excerpts from compulsory reading approx. 200 pages, practical exercises, participation in classes.
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Recommended literature
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Menéndez Pidal, R. Manual de gramatica histórica espanola. Madrid. 1968.
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Penny, R. Gramática histórica del espanol. Barcelona. 2014.
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Torrens, M. J. Evolución e historia de la lengua espanola (2a ed. actualizada). Madrid. 2018.
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Zavadil, B. Historia de la lengua espanola: introducción a la etimología. Praha. 2015.
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