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Lecturer(s)
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Chávez Barreto Eugenio Israel
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Faltýnek Dan, doc. Mgr. Ph.D.
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Benešová Martina, Mgr. Ph.D.
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Course content
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(1)-(3) Phonetics, phonology, their subject matter, their relations to other fields and sub-fields of study; history of phonetics and phonology, methods of analysis, acoustic, auditive, articulative and experimental approaches (4)-(5) Basic units of description of the acoustic form of language/communication, their langue/parole character; distinctive feature, phone, phoneme, speech sound, figure, grapheme, allophone, morphoneme, archiphonemes, etc.; double articulation; phonetic transcription, its typology, transcription of Czech and other languages, orthographic principles, development of orthography, development of writing systems, types of writing systems (6)-(8) Articulation phonetics, articulation organs, active, passive, articulation of various types of speech sounds; classification of speech sounds from the standpoint of articulation phonetics - vocals; classification of speech sounds from the standpoint of articulation phonetics - consonants; sonorants, glides, gemination, etc.; description of articulation from the standpoint of place of articulation; speech sound frequency, quantity with respect to types of speech sounds/placement within words (9)-(11) Physics of sound: intensity, pitch, timbre, quantity; acoustic phonetics, basics of software analysis of speech: formant speech analysis, interruption of acoustic realization of a speech sound, frequency range, presence of tonal component, change of course of tonal component, etc. (12) Suprasegmental devices of continuous speech, utterance, utterance section, word stress, syllable, intonation and its functions, melodeme, cadence, clitics, etc. (13) Change of speech sounds in stream of speech, paradigmatic and syntagmatic, obligatory and facultative, combinatoric and positional; assimilation/dissimilation
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Lecture, Monologic Lecture(Interpretation, Training), Dialogic Lecture (Discussion, Dialog, Brainstorming), Work with Text (with Book, Textbook), Methods of Written Work
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Learning outcomes
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The course will introduce manners of description of acoustic structure of languages, focusing on the methods of phonetic work and types of phonetic description, based on materials of various languages, demonstrating systematization of sound devices of language in phonological description. Phonetic and phonological issues will be seen in their mutual interdependence, with stress on the actual possibilities of analysis in the field of phonetics, and with regard to principles of creation of a phonological system in the field of phonology - phonetic characteristic of languages will be demonstrated on individual examples so as to at the same time effectively shed light on phonological systematization of the acoustic level. Phonetic types of speech sounds will be presented along with their properties with regards to acoustics and articulation, with some attention given to physiology of phonation and its neural correlates. In the field of phonology, semiotic universals will be looked at such as are demonstrated in the system of sound devices of every language - phonemes and their variants, distinctive features, combinatorics of distinctive features in phoneme variants, arbitrary attribution of form and meaning as an economizing factor enforcing the structure of the sound plane of language, types of syllables and their relation to the morphological and lexical level. Also outlined will be the informational characteristics of distribution of phonemes and their variants, its diachronic aspect as well as the diachronic view of description of the phonological system and phonetics of language - an insight into the causes of language change based on change of relations in the phonological system, economization of pronunciation (assimilation, prothesis, metathesis, etc.). The class will gradually introduce the development of phonetics and phonology, mainly with respect to their methods - experimental phonetics and its methods, acoustic and articulation view on creation of phonetic description, phonological oppositions, binary description of the phonological system, etc. Individual courses will be to the largest possible extent build on spectral analyses performed by students. Throughout the course, phonetic transcriptions will be carried out systematically.
Knowledge of requisites of phonetic and phonological description, basic terminology and brief history of both fields of study in question
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Prerequisites
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unspecified
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Mark, Oral exam, Seminar Work
(1) Regular preparation / required reading (2) Successful completion of test and examination
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Recommended literature
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Abercrombie, D. (1967). Elementos of general phonetics. Edinburgh.
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Ainsworth, W., A. (1976). Mechanisms of speech recognition. London.
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Clark, J. - Yallop, C. - Fletcher, J. (2007). An introduction to phonetics and phonology (3rd ed.).. Oxford.
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Daneš, F. (1957). Intonace a věta ve spisovné češtině. Praha.
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Davenport, M. - Hannahs, S., J. (1998). Introducing phonetics and phonology. London.
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de Lacy, Paul, ed. (2007). The Cambridge Handbook of Phonology. Cambridge.
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Duběda, T. (2005). Jazyky a jejich zvuky. Univerzálie a typologie ve fonetice a fonologii.. Praha.
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Ed. Karlík, P., Nekula, M., Rusínová, Z. Příruční mluvnice češtiny, Praha 2000.
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Hála, B. (1975). Fonetika v teorii a v praxi. Praha: SPN.
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Hála, B. (1962). Uvedení do fonetiky češtiny na obecně fonetickém základě. Praha.
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Hardcastle, W., J. - Laver, J. - Gibbon, F., E. (Eds.). (2010). The handbook of phonetic sciences (2nd ed.).. Oxford.
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Hewlett, N. - Beck, J. (2006). An introduction to the science of phonetics.
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Jakobson, R. - Fant, G. - Halle, M. (1952). Preliminaries to speech analysis: The distinctive features and their correlates. Cambridge.
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Karlík, P. - Nekula, M. - Pleskalová, J. (2002). Encyklopedický slovník češtiny. Praha.
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Kolektiv autorů (Horálek, K.). (1986). Mluvnice češtiny I.. Praha.
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Komárek, M. (1982). Nástin fonologického vývoje českého jazyka. Praha.
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Kořínek, J. M.-Erhart, A. (2000). Úvod do fonologie. Praha.
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Krčmová, M. (2006). Úvod do fonetiky a fonologie pro bohemisty. Ostrava.
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Ladefoged, P. - Ferrari Disner, S. (2012). Vowels and consonants (3rd ed.).. Hoboken, NJ.
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Ladefoged, P. - Maddieson, I. (1996). The sounds of the world's languages. Öxford.
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Laver, J. (1994). Principles of phonetics. Cambridge.
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Machač, P. - Skarnitzl, R. (2009). Fonetická segmentace hlásek. Praha.
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Martinet, A. (1949). Phonology as functional phonetics. Oxford.
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Mathesius, V. (1947). Čeština a obecný jazykozpyt.. Praha: Melantrich.
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Palková, Z. (1994). Fonetika a fonologie češtiny. Praha: Karolinum.
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Pleskalová, J. - Krčmová, M. - Večerka, R. - Karlík, P. (2007). Kapitoly z české jazykovědné bohemistiky. Praha.
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Roach, P. (2001). Phonetics. Oxford.
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Rogers, H. (2000). The sounds of language. An introduction to phonetics. London.
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Romportl, M. (1973). Základy fonetiky. Praha.
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Trubetzkoy, Nikolai. (1939). Grundzüge der Phonologie. Travaux du Cercle Linguistique de Prague 7.
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Vachek, J. (1968). Dynamika fonologického systému současné spisovné češtiny.. Praha.
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Volín, J. (2010). Fonetika a fonologie. In: V. Cvrček a kol., Mluvnice současné češtiny, s. 35-64. Praha.
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