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Lecturer(s)
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Fiedler Eduard, Mgr. et Mgr. Ph.D.
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Cajthaml Martin, prof. Ph.D.
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Course content
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1. History and Philosophy 2. Historical origins of philosophy 3. Pre-Socratic Philosophy 4. Plato 5. Aristotle 6. Hellenistic and Late Antique Philosophical Schools (Plotinus) 7. Philosophy and Christian revelation (Augustinus) 8. High Scholasticism and Thomas Aquinas 9. The emergence of modern philosophy (Nicholas of Cusa, René Descartes, Jan Amos Komenský) 10. Transcendental philosophy (Immanuel Kant) and German idealism (Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel)
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Monologic Lecture(Interpretation, Training), Dialogic Lecture (Discussion, Dialog, Brainstorming), Work with Text (with Book, Textbook)
- Preparation for the Exam
- 40 hours per semester
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Learning outcomes
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The starting point of the history of philosophy is the problem of the relation between historical development and systematic thinking (1). We find this problem already at the historical beginning of philosophy in ancient Greece: on the one hand, the emergence of philosophy is historically conditioned, on the other hand, it is a free step out of historical conditions towards thinking that is fundamental (2). This fact is confirmed by the fragments of pre-Socratic philosophy of the so-called investigators of nature (physis) and the first metaphysicians (Heracleitos, Parmenides) (3). It is also confirmed in the great syntheses of classical Greek philosophy: in Plato (4) and Aristotle (5). When, against the background of the autonomous development of the Hellenistic and Late Antique schools of philosophy, especially Neo-Platonism (Plotinus) (6), the encounter between the Christian message and Greco-Roman philosophy occurred in the thought of the Church Fathers (Augustinus) (7), this problem emerged with new urgency. The pinnacle of Christian systematic philosophical thought became scholastic philosophy, especially the work of Thomas Aquinas (8). Conversely, the historical character of philosophy reasserted itself in the peculiar syntheses at the beginning of modern philosophy (Nicholas of Cusa, René Descartes, Jan Amos Komenský) (9). The modern critique of metaphysics then foreshadowed, on the one hand, Kant's announcement that philosophy was only just coming into being in the true sense thanks to his critical approach, and Hegel's observation that philosophy as a historical fact was being closed by his thinking (10). Students will acquire solid orientation in selected periods of the history of philosophy. They will be able to explain and critically evaluate the most influential ideas of some of the key figures of these epochs.
Student will acquire knowledge of the history of philosophy comparable to the level of an undergaduate in philosophy at the faculty of arts (those who study philosophy in combination with another subject). He wiil be able to expound, with decent level of expertise, on the central ideas of the main figures and currents of philosophy. He will be able to express his own critical judgement on those ideas. On the bases of acquired conceptual resources, he will be able to interpret and judge upon some of the pressing issues of contemporary world.
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Prerequisites
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Knowledge of the history of philosophy on the high-school level. An ability of critical and conceptual thinking.
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Written exam
Participation in the class. Extensive home work on the bases of available materials. Oral exam.
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Recommended literature
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F. Coplestone. Dějiny filosofie I.-XI. Olomouc. 2014.
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F. Ricken. (2002). Antická filosofie. Olomouc.
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G. Reale, D. Antiseri. (1985). Il pensiero occidentale. Brescia.
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G. S. Kirk, J. E. Raven, M. Schofield. (2004). Předsókratovští filosofové. Praha.
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H.J. Störig. (2000). Malé dějiny filosofie. Kostelní Vydří.
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J. Pieper. (2007). Co znamená filozofovat?. Kostelní Vydří.
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J. Pieper. (1993). Scholastika. Praha.
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J. Pieper. (1997). Tomáš Akvinský. Praha.
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Jan Pavel II. (1999). FIDES ET RATIO: Encyklika Jana Pavla II. adresovaná biskupům katolické církve O VZTAZÍCH MEZI VÍROU A ROZUMEM. Praha.
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K. Říha. Identita a relevance. Svitavy. 2002.
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L. Major. (1991). Dějiny poklasické filosofie v 19. a na počátku 20. století. Praha.
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M. Sobotka. (1992). Německá klasická filosofie. Praha.
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