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Lecturer(s)
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Fiedler Eduard, Mgr. et Mgr. Ph.D.
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Hušek Vít, doc. Mgr. et Mgr. Th.D.
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Course content
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1. What is philosophical anthropology? On the problem of anthropological difference 2. The being of man and the mythpoietic image of the world 3. Plato's philosophical anthropology 4. Aristotle's philosophical anthropology in De anima 5. Plotinus - human being as the self-relation of the divine "one" 6. Augustine - human being as imago Trinitatis 7. Human being as a person in relations ('substantial' and 'relational' conception of the human person) 8. Human being as subject (ego cogito, Ich denke, Geist, Dasein) 9. Human being as a free subject 10. Human being as body and soul 11. Human being as creator 12. Anthropological challenges of ecology, transhumanism and antinatalism 13. Trinitarian ontology of the human person
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Lecture, Dialogic Lecture (Discussion, Dialog, Brainstorming)
- Homework for Teaching
- 28 hours per semester
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Learning outcomes
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A human being asks what or who is a human being: philosophical anthropology thematizes the so-called anthropological difference (1), on the basis of which one can make a meaningful statement about the identity and relevance of being human. Anthropological difference was already implicit as a problem in the archaic mythpoeitic picture of reality, but always depending on narrative cosmologies (2). It was only Plato's (3) and Aristotle's (4) philosophical anthropology that made the being of man the subject of a philosophical account (logos) that gathers the meaning of man as formally participating in the idea of humanity or characterized by the sharing of an essential form of the rational soul. The Neo-Platonic synthesis highlighted, above all, the reflexive self-relation of the human soul, which imitates the self-relation of the divine one (5). In the thought of the Church Fathers, especially that of St. Augustine, this fundamental self-relation was understood by analogy with the inner life of God the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit (6). This opened the way to a new conception of man's being as a person in relationships (7). But this integral philosophical-anthropological framework was reduced in the modern period by the exclusive absolutization of the thinking subject (8), or the autonomous subject of modern political philosophy (9). In the natural-philosophical context, this reduction entailed a dualistic conception of the relationship between corporeality and spiritual-spiritual activity (10), manifested especially in the field of modern natural medicine. On the other hand, the modern emphasis on the active human subject has enabled a new understanding of the fundamental importance of creativity (11). It is only the phenomena of late modernity - such as the ecological crisis, transhumanism or antinatalism - that reveal (12) that human creativity cannot be derived without contradiction only from the process of self-realization of the autonomous subject, but must be cultivated within the framework of relational participation in being, as also recognized by contemporary so-called Trinitarian ontology (13).
- Students will have a survey of basic philosophical attempts to make a definition of the human uniqueness. - They will be able to critically evaluate the reductive approach of natural sciences.
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Prerequisites
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No special prerequisites are required to study the subject.
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Oral exam
The exam will take the form of an interview including a question on one of the lecture topics and a consultation of the obligatory literature (Coreth).
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Recommended literature
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Aristotelés,, & Kříž, A. (1996). O duši. Praha: Petr Rezek.
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Augustin. (2015). Vyznání. Kostelní Vydří.
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Buber, M. (2005). Já a ty. Praha.
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CORETH, E. (1994). Co je člověk?. Praha: Zvon.
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David C. Schindler. (2017). Freedom from Reality: The Diabolical Character of Modern Liberty. Notre Dame, Ind: University of Notre Dame Press.
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Descartes, R. (1992). Rozprava o metodě. Praha: Svoboda.
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GEHLEN, Arnold. Duch ve světě techniky. Praha: Svoboda, 1972. .
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Hobbes, T., Mertl, J., & Hrůša, J. (1941). Leviathan, neboli, O podstatě, zřízení a moci státu církevního a občanského. V Praze: Melantrich.
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Chomsky, Noam. (1968). Language and Mind. SELECTED CHAPTERS.
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Klaus Hemmerle. Thesen zu einer trinitarischen Ontologie. Einsiedeln: Johannes Verlag. 1992.
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Komenský, J.A. (1966). Obecná porada o nápravě věcí lidských.. Praha.
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Platón. (1994). Ústava, Zákony. Nakl. Petr Rezek, Praha.
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Ricoeur, Paul . (1990). Soi-meme comme un autre. Paris: Seuil.
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SARTRE, Jean-Paul. Existencialismus je humanismus. Praha: Vyšehrad, 2004..
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Sokol, J. (2016). Člověk jako osoba: filosofická antropologie. Praha: Vyšehrad.
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