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Lecturer(s)
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Hanzlíková Ivana, Mgr. Ph.D.
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Course content
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1. Organization of the nervous system, neurons, and neuroglia 2. Membrane physiology and nerve impulse transmission (resting membrane potential, action potential, conduction, synaptic transmission) 3. Peripheral nervous system (structure of peripheral nerves, course of major peripheral nerves, peripheral nerve injury) 4. Sensory receptors and sensory signal generation (cutaneous receptors, proprioceptors, vision, hearing, olfaction, taste, vestibular system) 5. Central nervous system (meninges, blood-brain and blood-spinal cord barriers, spinal cord, spinal nerves, dermatomes) 6. Reflex mechanisms and muscle contraction (muscle contraction, stretch reflex, gamma loop, reciprocal inhibition, Golgi tendon reflex, withdrawal reflex) 7. Brainstem, cranial nerves, and the autonomic nervous system (cranial nerves I-XII, brainstem, sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems) 8. Cerebellum, basal ganglia, and cerebral cortex (functions and roles in motor control) 9. Sensory pathways and pain (dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway, anterolateral pathway, pain transmission, theories of pain, sensory disorders) 10. Voluntary motor control (hierarchical organization of motor control, motor cortical areas, corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts, extrapyramidal system, organization of voluntary movement) 11. Motor system disorders (upper and lower motor neuron lesions, spinal cord injury, movement disorders, muscle tone disorders, apraxia) 12. Neuroplasticity and functional adaptation of the nervous system 13. Neurological examination and clinical interpretation of neurophysiological mechanisms (neurological assessment and the relationship between neurophysiological mechanisms and clinical manifestations)
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Lecture, Monologic Lecture(Interpretation, Training), Dialogic Lecture (Discussion, Dialog, Brainstorming), Work with Text (with Book, Textbook), Demonstration
- Attendace
- 26 hours per semester
- Preparation for the Exam
- 16 hours per semester
- Preparation for the Course Credit
- 7 hours per semester
- Homework for Teaching
- 7 hours per semester
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Learning outcomes
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The aim of the course is to introduce students to the fundamental principles of the structure and function of the nervous system, with a particular focus on the neurophysiology of motor control. Students will develop an understanding of the mechanisms underlying the generation and conduction of nerve impulses, sensory and motor control, reflex activity, information processing within the central nervous system, and the principles of neuroplasticity. This knowledge provides the essential theoretical foundation for understanding the physiological and pathological mechanisms of motor control. Students will apply the acquired knowledge in subsequent clinical and professional courses, particularly Neurology, Kinesiology, and Kinesiotherapy, where it will serve as the basis for understanding, recognizing, and interpreting pathological changes of the nervous system, their impact on movement function, and the selection of appropriate therapeutic interventions.
Upon successful completion of the course, the student will: - understand the fundamental principles of the structure and function of the nervous system; - explain the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying motor control, sensory processing, and reflex activity; - interpret basic neurophysiological mechanisms in the context of normal and pathological nervous system function; - apply the acquired knowledge as a theoretical foundation for subsequent clinical courses and for understanding neurological disorders.
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Prerequisites
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Basic knowledge of human anatomy and biology at the secondary school level.
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Mark, Oral exam, Written exam
To obtain the course credit, the student must achieve a minimum of 15 out of 21 points from three in-term tests administered during the semester. If the required number of points is not reached, the student will be required to take a comprehensive credit test at the end of the semester, covering all course material. A minimum of 60% correct answers is required to pass. The student will have two attempts to pass this test. After successfully obtaining the credit, the student will proceed to an oral examination, which will assess their knowledge of the entire subject matter covered during the course.
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Recommended literature
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Ambler, Z. a kol. Základy neurologie. Praha. 2023.
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Bear MF, Connors BW, Paradiso MA. Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain. Philadelphia. 2015.
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Ganong, W. F., Herget, J., Blažek, T., & Herget, J. (1995). Přehled lékařské fyziologie. Jinočany.
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Králíček, P. (2011). Úvod do speciální neorfyziologie (třetí vydání). Praha.
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Mysliveček, J. a kol. Základy neurověd. Praha: Triton..
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Orel, M., & Facová, V. Základy stavby a funkce nervového systému. Olomouc: VUP..
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Pfeiffer, J. (2007). Neurologie v rehabilitaci: pro studium a praxi. Praha.
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Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, et al. Neuroscience. New York. 2018.
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Rokyta, R. Fyziologie. Praga. 2016.
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Trojan, S., Votava, J., Druga, R., & Pfeiffer, J. (2005). Fyziologie a léčebná rehabilitace motoriky člověka. Praha.
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