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Lecturer(s)
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Richterek Lukáš, Mgr. Ph.D.
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Course content
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1. Introduction to the Study of Physics Physical quantities and units, base and derived units of the SI system, scalar and vector quantities. 2. Selected Topics in Electricity and Magnetism Stationary electric field, electric charge, Coulomb's law, electric potential, voltage, capacitance of conductors and capacitors. Electrostatic induction and polarisation of dielectrics. Simple electric circuit, electric current, electromotive force, Ohm's law, Kirchhoff's laws, and their application in solving simple electric circuits. Steady-state electric current in metallic conductors, semiconductors, electrolytes, gases, and in a vacuum; laws of electrolysis. Stationary magnetic fields, magnetic fields of current-carrying conductors, forces acting on a charged particle and a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field, and the Lorentz force. Magnetic fields in matter and magnets. Transient electromagnetic fields, Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, self-induction and mutual induction. Alternating currents, electricity generation, electromagnetic oscillations and waves. 1st Test 3. Selected Topics in Optics and the Physics of the Microscopic World The physical nature, generation, and propagation of optical radiation. Properties and classification of optical media; dispersion, absorption, and scattering of light. Polarisation of light and the fundamentals of colour theory. Laws of geometric optics, ray tracing, refraction, and reflection of light. Basic types of optical systems, imaging with mirrors and thin lenses, and optical instruments. Interference and coherence of light, diffraction, thin films, slits, optical gratings, and the Rayleigh resolution limit. Lasers and the principle of optical holography. Wave-particle duality, photons, particles, de Broglie waves, wave function, uncertainty principle, and tunnelling effect. Atomic shell, atomic models, Bohr's model of the hydrogen atom, and properties of electromagnetic radiation. The atomic nucleus, its composition and properties. Radioactive decay, ionising radiation, dosimetry, nuclear processes, fission, thermonuclear fusion, and nuclear energy. 2nd test It is recommended that students enroll in the elective course (C) KEF/PFCHProseminar in Physics for Chemists, which is designed to provide practice with the basic types of problems required to pass the course via a test.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Lecture, Dialogic Lecture (Discussion, Dialog, Brainstorming), Demonstration
- Attendace
- 36 hours per semester
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Learning outcomes
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The aim of this course is to provide students with a basic introduction to physics, focusing on electricity and magnetism, optics, and atomic and nuclear physics. The course is designed to give students an overview of the fundamental physical concepts, quantities, laws, and models in these fields and to demonstrate their significance for the natural sciences, particularly in relation to applications in chemistry. Students are expected to acquire the ability to describe physical phenomena using appropriate concepts and relationships, and to understand the basic principles of electric and magnetic fields, electric circuits, electromagnetic induction, optical radiation, geometric and wave optics, quantum phenomena, atomic structure, radioactivity, and nuclear processes. The course also develops the ability to apply physics knowledge in solving model problems.
A course focused on acquiring knowledge. Upon completion of the course, students will be able to: - define basic physical quantities and SI units; - distinguish between scalar and vector physical quantities; - explain basic concepts in electricity, magnetism, optics, atomic, and nuclear physics; - describe electric fields, electric charge, electric potential, voltage, the capacitance of conductors, and the behaviour of capacitors; - apply Ohm's law and Kirchhoff's laws when solving simple electrical circuits; - characterise the conduction of electric current in metals, semiconductors, electrolytes, gases, and a vacuum; - explain the origin of a magnetic field, the effect of a magnetic field on a charged particle and a current-carrying conductor, and the significance of the Lorentz force; - describe electromagnetic induction, alternating currents, electromagnetic oscillations, and waves; - explain the basic principles of geometric and wave optics, including reflection, refraction, interference, diffraction, polarisation, and coherence of light; - characterise basic quantum phenomena, including wave-particle duality, de Broglie waves, wave functions, the uncertainty principle, and the tunnel effect; - describe basic models of the atom, the structure of the atomic nucleus, radioactive decay, ionising radiation, dosimetric quantities, and basic nuclear processes; - demonstrate theoretical knowledge in solving model physics problems.
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Prerequisites
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Students are expected to have a knowledge of high school physics and the basic mathematical skills needed to work with physical quantities, units, equations, and graphs. Students should be able to work with the SI system, distinguish between scalar and vector quantities, and perform basic algebraic manipulations of physical relationships.
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Mark, Written exam
Students are expected to demonstrate knowledge of physical concepts in the fields of electricity, magnetism, optics, atomic and nuclear physics, and their relevance to applications in chemistry. Credit and final grading are based on the scores from two separate tests. A maximum of three attempts is allowed for each test, and the best result achieved is counted. Assessment components: - 2 homework assignments / DCV: maximum of 10 points total; - 2 tests: maximum of 80 points total; - possible oral exam: 10 points (improves the grade by one level). Grading: A: 73 points or more; B: 66-72 points; C: 59-65 points; D: 52-58 points; E: 45-51 points; F: 44 points or fewer.
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Recommended literature
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Krupka F., Kalivoda L.: Fyzika, SNTL Praha, 1989. Svoboda E. a kol.: Přehled středoškolské fyziky, SPN Praha, 1991..
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Bartuška, K. a kol. (2000). Sbírka řešených úloh z fyziky III., IV.. Praha.
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Halliday, D., Resnick, R., Walker, J. (2003). Fyzika, část 1-2. Prometheus.
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Halliday, D., Resnick, R., Walker, J., Komrska, J., Obdržálek, J., Dub, P., Eckertová, L., Liška, M., Novotný, J., & Světlík, J. (2000). Fyzika: vysokoškolská učebnice obecné fyziky. Brno.
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Knight Randall. Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics, Global Edition. Boston. 2022.
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Kolářová, H., & Kubínek, R. (2008). Fyzika stručně a jasně: přehled fyziky v příkladech a textových otázkách. Olomouc.
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Krupka F., Kalivoda L. (1989). Fyzika. Praha.
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Svoboda, E. a kol. (2024). Přehled středoškolské fyziky. Praha.
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Urone Paul Peter a kol. College Physics 2e. Rice University. 2022.
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Walker J., Halliday D., Resnick R. Fyzika 1, 2. Brno. 2025.
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Young, H. D., Freedman, R. A., Ford, A. L., Sears, F. W., & Zemansky, M. W. (2007). University Physics with Modern Physics. San Francisco.
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