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Lecturer(s)
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Fellner Martin, prof. RNDr. Ph.D.
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Škrabišová Mária, Mgr. Ph.D.
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Course content
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1. Cells and genomes: definition of genome, gene, types of genes. DNA, RNA and the central dogma of molecular biology. Evolution of genes and genomes, their organization, size, ploidy. Genomes of model organisms and their importance in diagnostics. 2. DNA organization, chromosome structure. Structure of eukaryotic chromosomes, chromatin storage levels. Histones, their function in nucleosomes, replication and transcription. Heterochromatin, euchromatin, centromeres and telomeres. Diagnosis of structural changes of chromosomes in human medicine. 3. DNA replication: principle of DNA replication, control mechanisms. Replication forks in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. DNA polymerases and other auxiliary enzymes. Genome replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, DNA repair mechanism. 4. Diagnosis of DNA errors and damage. General and site-specific recombination. 5. Transcription and translation of genes, RNA polymerase, mRNA production and processing in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Formation of rRNA. Genetic code. Protein synthesis on the ribosome. Protein folding, quality monitoring and protein degradation. 6. Importance of gene expression control, basic principles. Binding of proteins to DNA, types of regulatory proteins, regulation of gene expression. 7. Differences in regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Transcriptomics: experimental methods for studying gene expression. The importance of studying the correlation of natural genetic variation with the transcriptome. Post-transcriptional mechanisms of gene expression regulation. Alternative splicing. Regulation of mRNA transport and editing. Gene silencing by RNA interference. Translational controls. Riboswitches. DNA methylation and its importance for gene expression. 8. Vesicular transport, protein sorting and transport, types of transport. 9. Membrane transport: significance, types, signal propagation in neuronal cells, neuromuscular transport, process of energy acquisition at organelle membranes. 10. Cell signalling, basic principles and regulatory mechanisms. Types of receptors. Signalling through G-protein coupled receptors. Signalling via tyrosine kinases. Other types of membrane receptors. Signalling through nuclear receptors. 11. Cell cycle and apoptosis: phases of the cell cycle. Cell cycle checkpoints and control systems, cyclin dependent kinases. Mitosis and meiosis. Consequences of defects in mitosis and meiosis and their diagnosis. Apoptosis - programmed cell death (PCD). Caspase enzymes. The extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Regulation by survival factors 12. General changes in gene expression regulation in cancer, their detection. Use of PCD in cancer therapy. Translated with DeepL.com (free version)
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Monologic Lecture(Interpretation, Training), Dialogic Lecture (Discussion, Dialog, Brainstorming)
- Preparation for the Exam
- 40 hours per semester
- Attendace
- 26 hours per semester
- Homework for Teaching
- 40 hours per semester
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Learning outcomes
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Obtaining advanced knowledge in the field of molecular biology.
Define main concepts, describe main approaches used in molecular and cell biology.
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Prerequisites
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The subject is aimed at master students of Analytical biochemistry and related disciplines.
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Written exam
Written examination in the form of a test - cross-section of twelve thematic areas, max. 100 points, 100-91 points A, 90-81 points B, 80-71 points C, 70-61 points D, 60-51 points E, <50 points F.
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Recommended literature
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Alberts, B., Heald, R., Johnson A., Morgan, D., Roberts, K., Walter, P., Wilson, J., Hunt, T. (2022). Molecular biology of the cell (7. vydání).
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Brown T.A. (2008). Klonování genů a analýza DNA. Nakladatelství UP Olomouc.
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Rosypal, S., Pantůček, R., & Doškař, J. (2001). Terminologie molekulární biologie: české odborné termíny, jejich definice a anglické ekvivalenty. Brno: Stanislav Rosypal.
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Snustad, D.P., Simmons, M.J. (2009). Genetika. Masarykova Univerzita, Brno.
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Šmarda, J., Doškař, J., Pantůček, R., Růžičková, V., & Koptíková, J. (2005). Metody molekulární biologie. Brno: Masarykova univerzita.
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Watson, J. D. et al. (2014). Molecular Biology of the Gene. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York.
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