Introduction to cell biology, historic milestones, aims of study, recent news, cellular targets - enzymes, receptors, channels, cytoskeleton. Enzymes - classification, properties, structure, function, enzyme kinetics, practical use, regulation of enzyme activity, therapeutic and diagnostic potential. Receptor theory - receptors function, fraction occupancy, agonists, antagonism, efficacy, potency and affinity, spare receptors, receptor subtypes, desenzitization. Nuclear and steroid receptors - classification, structure, function, role in intermediary metabolism. Retinoid and thyroid receptors, vitamin D receptor, orphan receptors, xenoreceptors, steroid receptors for sex hormones and corticoids. Cellular signaling - signal molecules (hormones, retinoids, eicosanoids, transcription factors, cytokines); signaling pathways (adenylate cyclase system, guanylate cyklase system, phosphatidyl inositol phosphate system, tyrosin kinase system, calmodulin, G-proteins, receptors). G-coupled protein receptors - classification, function, structure, physiologic function, molecular-pharmacologic properties and therapeutic potential. Neurotransmitters - nervous system in man, sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, serotonergic, GABA-ergic, dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems, action potential, transmission of nervous signal. Neurotransmitters - structure, function, metabolism, mechanism of action, therapeutic potential. Cytoskeleton and its function. Microtubules, actine cytoskeleton, intermediary filamenta. Proteasome-ubiqitine system - function, therapeutic potential. Metabolism of xenobiotics I: pharmacokinetics, phase I. and II. Of biotransformation, metabolism of alcohol and pollutants, cytochrome P450. Metabolism of xenobiotics II: regulation of biotransformation enzymes, pharmacology of cytochrome P450, transcription mechanisms, xenoreceptors, gene polymorphisms, drug interactions receptor cross-talks, link to intermediary metabolism. Cellular toxicology - cellular targets, effects of toxins, mechanisms of cell damage, reparation and defense mechanisms. Practicals: Evaluation of cytotoxicity in vitro in model of human cell line HepG2
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