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Lecturer(s)
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Doležel Jaroslav, prof. Ing. DrSc.
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Course content
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Subject of the course, chromosomal theory of inheritance, DNA as material of inheritance, genomes of eukaryotes and prokaryotes, genome size, DNA sequences in the genome. Structural genes and genes coding for functional RNA, transcription, introns and exons, origin of introns, alternative splicing. Repetitive DNA sequences, transposons, genomic organization of transposons, evolution of transposons, significance of repetitive DNA and its patogenicity. Genomes of prokaryotes, eubacteria and archebacteria, examples of sequenced prokaryotes. Genomes of eukaryotes, plant and animal mitochondrial genomes, plastid genomes, endosymbiotic theory, secondary endosymbiosis, origin of eukaryotes. Cell nucleus, chromatin, arrangement of chromosomes in the nucleus, chromosomal domains, replication factories, nuclear bodies, nucleolus and its ultrastructure, evolution of ribosomal DNA. Chromatin structure, histone code, posttranslational histone modification, heterochromatinization, posttranscriptional gene silencing, RNA interference. Functional domains of eukaryotic chromosomes, molecular structure of centromere, neocentromere, molecular structure of telomere, secondary constriction, nucleolar dominance. Global organization of eukaryotic genomes, isochores, gene islands and deserts, conserved nongenic sequences, stability and variability of genomes, genome evolution, whole genome duplication, colinearity and synteny.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Lecture, Monologic Lecture(Interpretation, Training), Dialogic Lecture (Discussion, Dialog, Brainstorming)
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Learning outcomes
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Genomes of eukaryotes and prokaryotes, their structure, organization and analysis. Genomics and functional genomics. Evolution and phylogenetic analysis of genome.
Student is able to (after attending the course): - Describe the structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes - Describe the structure of genes, non-coding DNA, and their evolution - Judge the consequences of genome duplication and activity of repetitive DNA - Define the organization of cell nucleus and its function - Explain the molecular structure of functional chromosome domains - Explain the nature of epigenetic gene regulation and the role of chromatin structure - Evaluate critically research papers
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Prerequisites
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unspecified
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Written exam
Written test, 75% correctly answered questions
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Recommended literature
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Alberts, B., Bray, D., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., Walter, P. (2000). Základy buněčné biologie. Espero Publishing, Ústí nad Labem.
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ALLIS ,C.D., JENUWEIN, T., REINBERG, D., CAPARROS, M.L. (2007). Epigenetics. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York.
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Appels, R. et al. Chromosome Biology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1998..
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Brown, T.A. Genomes. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1999..
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Griffiths, A.J.F., Gelbart, W.M., Miller, J.H., Lewontin, R.C. Modern Genetic Analysis. W.H. Freeman, New York, 1999.
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Lewin, B. (2000). Genes VII.. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
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Strachan, T., Read, A.P. Human Molecular Genetics. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1999..
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