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Lecturer(s)
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Horák Vladimír
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Horák Vladimír, MUDr. et MUDr.
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Course content
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Introduction to medical biology and genetics. Cytology, cell physiology, stem cells and their use. Cell cycle and its influence by cytostatics. Sex cells and meiosis. Basic concepts in genetics, the beginnings of the study of heredity (Gregor Mendel), the development of molecular genetics methods. Chromosome structure (telomeres, centromeres), the process of DNA replication. Gene structure, regulation of gene expression, Nucleic acids, protein synthesis. Human genome. Epigenetics, main epigenetic modifications (methylation, acetylation) and their significance in physiology and pathology. Chromosomal aberrations. (Numeric, structural, congenital, acquired) Basics of clinical genetics and modes of transmission of hereditary diseases. Autosomal and gonosomal inheritance. Mitochondrial inheritance. Monogenic and polygenic inheritance. Multifactorial inheritance. The influence of the environment on the genotype. Metabolic diseases. Mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. Types of mutations. Mutagens. Mechanisms of cancer development. Molecular biology and genetic engineering. Current status and prospects of gene therapy based on real examples. Clinical cytogenetics and molecular cytogenetics. Karyotyping. Inheritance of blood groups, HLA system. Importance in transplantation (compatibility of donor and recipient). Basic functions of the immune system, basics of immunogenetics. Prenatal cytogenetic diagnostics, molecular cytogenetics and methods of assisted reproduction.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Lecture, Monologic Lecture(Interpretation, Training)
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Learning outcomes
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The subject provides general knowledge of cellular biology and genetics.
Students obtain basic knowledge of the basal cellular organization, of the function of cellular structures and of the basic laws of inheritance.
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Prerequisites
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Students ought to have fundamental biology attainments at the secondary education level.
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Mark, Oral exam, Written exam
The attendance of obligatory lab works and seminars in regular or in substitute terms; passed tests. Written and oral examination after the first semester of study.
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Recommended literature
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Otová, B., Mihalová, R., Bobková, K. (2021). Základy biologie a genetiky člověka. Praha, Karolinum.
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Passagre, E. (2019). Barevný atlas genetiky. Praha: Grada.
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Pritchard, D.J., Kofr, B.R. (2021). Základy lékařské genetiky. Druhé české vydání. Praha: Galén.
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Slabý, O. a kol. (2023). Lékařská biologie II. Genetika a molekulární medicína. Brno, Masarykova univerzita.
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