Course: Human Pathophysiology

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Course title Human Pathophysiology
Course code ZOO/PAFYZ
Organizational form of instruction Lecture
Level of course Bachelor
Year of study not specified
Semester Summer
Number of ECTS credits 2
Language of instruction Czech
Status of course Compulsory-optional, Optional
Form of instruction Face-to-face
Work placements This is not an internship
Recommended optional programme components None
Lecturer(s)
  • Fellnerová Ivana, RNDr. Ph.D.
Course content
General part: Basic terminology (aetiology, pathogenesis, pain, aging), cell death (apoptosis, necrosis), neoplasia (origin, biological properties and classification of tumours, angiogenesis), effects of poisons and drugs on the organism. Pathophysiology of individual organ systems ? Body fluids: disorders in the number of cells of the erythroid series: anaemia (from Fe insufficiency, disorders of haemoglobin synthesis, haemolytic anaemia), foetal erythroblasts, disorders in the number of cells of the lymphoid series: acute and chronic myeloid leukaemia, polycythemia; disorders of haemostasis. ? Heart and bloodstream: disorders of the cardiac rhythm (tachycardia, bradycardia, atrial and ventricular fibrillation); valvular defects, coronary circulation anomalies (ischemia, heart attack), disorders of bloodstream regulation and anomalies, endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, brain ischemia, stroke, venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, swellings, haemorrhage, circulation failure ? Nervous system: demyelisation of nerve cells (Alzheimer?s, multiple sclerosis), diseases of the basal ganglia (parkinsonism, hyperkinesis), spinal cord injury, nerve injury ? Musculoskeletal system: muscular dystrophy, rheumatic diseases, rickets, osteoporosis, ? Senses: pathophysiology of sight (anomalies of the optical apparatus ? myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, diseases of retina ? colour blindness, etc., pathophysiology of visual pathway); pathophysiology of statoacoustic apparatus (disorders of perception of high and low tones, balance, nystagmus); disorders of smell and taste ? Respiration and acid-base balance: obstructive and restrictive lung defects, pulmonary emphysema, pulmonary oedema, pulmonary embolism, asthma, hypoxia and hyperoxia, alkalosis, acidosis ? Kidney, the salt and water management: pathophysiology of transport mechanisms in the kidney, disorders of glomerular function, acute kidney failure, renal hypertension, pregnancy neuropathy, disorders of ion management (Na+, Cl-, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+?), ? Digestive system: nausea, gastroesophageal reflux disease, stomach ulcers, pancreatitis, gallstones (cholelithiasis), fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver, cystic fibrosis, diarrhoea, GI tract tumours, eating disorders (bulimia, anorexia) ? Metabolisms: disorder of carbohydrate metabolism (diabetes), disorder of lipoprotein metabolism, disorders of amino acid metabolism (phenylketonuria, homocystinuria), celiac disease, gout, disorders of vitamin metabolism, ? Immune system: immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, allergies, hypersensitivity, asthma, inflammation, sepsis, lymphoedema, post-transplantation immunity ? Hormonal system: disorders of pituitary gland, Cushing?s and Addison?s disease (adrenal gland), hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism (thyroid gland), diabetes mellitus (pancreas), dwarfism, gigantism, disorders of sexual hormones ? Reproduction system and disorders of a foetus development: male and female infertility, endometriosis, sexual disorders; congenital infections, chromosomal aberrancy, pre-natal diagnostics

Learning activities and teaching methods
Lecture
Learning outcomes
Human pathophysiology follows from basic knowledge of biochemistry and cell biology and immediately follows the subject matter of physiology. Students acquire a comprehensive view of interlinking of theoretical knowledge and practical biomedical applications. The aim of the course is to acquaint students with the mechanisms of failure of basic physiological functions. The mechanisms of formation, development or possible treatment of the resulting disorders will be explained on the cellular and molecular level. Recommendations will be provided within prevention which can prevent or decrease the risk of specific diseases. From the methodological point of view, the emphasis is put on students to realise the interconnection of individual physiological processes. With respect to the latest scientific knowledge, the significant physiological medical discoveries and Nobel Prize shall be referred to. The lectures and tutorials are interactive using multimedia technology incl. tailored descriptive animations which facilitate the students? grasp of the complex interdependent physiological processes.
Underestanding basic physiology processes in health and disseases
Prerequisites
Elementary knowledge in biochemistry, cell biology, anatomy and physiology

Assessment methods and criteria
unspecified
Passing the colloquy in the range of the subject
Recommended literature
  • Materiály poskytnuté vyučujícími na přednáškách a cvičeních.
  • Výukové prezentace (dostupné na http://www.zoologie.upol.cz/).
  • Fölsch, U. R., Kochsiek, K., Schmidt, R. F. (2003). Patologická fyziologie. Praha: Grada Publishing.
  • Fox, S. I. Human physiology, vydání 6. a výše.
  • Jelínková, H., Balík, M., Kubiš, P. Chlubnová, J. (2004). Vybrané kapitoly z patologické fyziologie. Praha: Karolinum UK.
  • Silbernagl, S., Lang, F. (2001). Atlas patofyziologie člověka. Praha: Grada Publishing.
  • Silverthorn, A. C. Human physiology, vydání 5. a výše.
  • Stříteský, J. (2001). Patologie. Epava Olomouc.


Study plans that include the course
Faculty Study plan (Version) Category of Branch/Specialization Recommended year of study Recommended semester
Faculty: Faculty of Science Study plan (Version): Biology and Ecology (2020) Category: Biology courses 3 Recommended year of study:3, Recommended semester: Summer
Faculty: Faculty of Science Study plan (Version): Teaching Training in Biology for Secondary Schools (2019) Category: Pedagogy, teacher training and social care 1 Recommended year of study:1, Recommended semester: Summer
Faculty: Faculty of Science Study plan (Version): Biochemistry (2022) Category: Chemistry courses - Recommended year of study:-, Recommended semester: Summer