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Lecturer(s)
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Veselý Milan, doc. RNDr. Ph.D.
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Trávníček Bohumil, doc. RNDr. Ph.D.
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Course content
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The science of taxonomy. Significance of taxonomy for other fields of biology research. Prominent personalities in history of taxonomy. Microtaxonomy: phenon, taxon, category. Species rank. Species concepts - typological, nominalistic, biological. Definition. Species taxon. Problems in taxonomic classification of polyploid, apomictic and autogamic plants. Hybrid and hybridogenous taxa in plants. Polytypic species. Importance and distribution of polytypic species. Infraspecific systematics (hierarchy, taxonomic ranks and terms). Problem of subspecies. Macrotaxonomy: theory of biological classification. Principal steps in taxonomic procedure. Higher taxonomic ranks and higher taxa. Principles of hierarchical classification. Taxonomic characters. Characters and classification, kinds of characters. Weighting of characters. Adaptations, the Darwin principle. Theories of classification - essentialism, nominalism, empirism, cladistics, evolutionary systematics. Phenetic method and numerical phenetics. Criticism of numerical phenetics. Cladistics. Cladistic analysis. Plesiomorphic and apomorphic characters. Categories of similarity, homology and homoplasy. Determination of apomorphy. Cladistic classification. Concept of monophyly (holophyly), sequencing. Differences between cladistics and evolutionary systematics. Similarity and relationship, adaptive zones, concept of grades and clades. Comparison of theories of classification. Method of phzlogenetic inference: distance, parsimony, maximum likelihood, bazesian inferrence, chronograms. Methods in molecular phzlogenetics. International rules of botanical and zoological nomenclature (selected articles).
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Lecture
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Learning outcomes
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The science of taxonomy. Significance of taxonomy for other fields of biology research. Research methods in taxonomy
Student should be able to (after attending the course): - Explain main terms in taxonomy. - Define taxon and species. - Explain the theory of biological classification. - Compare between cladistics and evolutionary systematics. - explain principles of methods used for phylogenetic inference - Recall major rules of the International code of botanical and zoological nomenclature.
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Prerequisites
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No prior requirements, basic course
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Oral exam
oral exam - three questions: 1. Plant Taxonomy 2. Zoologic Taxonomy 3. Taxonomic Nomenclature (Botanic/Zoologic - depending on the specialization of student)
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Recommended literature
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Briggs D., Walters S.M. (1997). Plant Variation and Evolution. Cambridge University Press.
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Felsenstein, J. Inferring Phylogenies..
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Greuter, W. et al. (2000). Medzinárodný kód botanickej nomenklatúry (Saint Louis Code). Zpr. Čes. Bot. Společ., Praha, Příloha 2000/1: 1-121.
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Hall B. G. Trees Made Easy: A How - To Manual..
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Houša V. a Štys P. (1988). Mezinárodní pravidla zoologické nomenklatury, 3. vydání. Academia, Praha.
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Houša, V. (1980). Základy taxonomie pro zoopaleontology. Skripta PřF UK. Státní pedagogické nakladatelství, Praha.
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International Comission on Zoological Nomenclature. (1999). International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Fourth Edition. London.
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International Comission on Zoological Nomenclature. (1985). International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Third Edition. London.
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Mayr, E. & Ashlock, P. D. (1991). Principles of systematic zoology. 2nd edition. McGraw- Hill, Inc., New York etc.
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Mayr, E. (1969). Principles of systematic zoology. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.
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McNeill J. (ed.). International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code), 2011. Koeltz Scientific Books.
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Page, R. D. M. and Holmes, E. C. Molecular Evolution: A phylogenetic approach..
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Stace, C. A. (1980). Plant Taxonomy and Biosystematics. London.
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Stuessy, T. F. (1990). Plant Taxonomy. New York.
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