| Course title | Animal Physiology |
|---|---|
| Course code | ZOO/FZZBC |
| Organizational form of instruction | Lecture + Exercise |
| Level of course | Bachelor |
| Year of study | not specified |
| Semester | Summer |
| Number of ECTS credits | 4 |
| Language of instruction | Czech |
| Status of course | Compulsory |
| Form of instruction | Face-to-face |
| Work placements | This is not an internship |
| Recommended optional programme components | None |
| Lecturer(s) |
|---|
|
| Course content |
|
? Metabolism physiology: proteins, lipids, carbohydrates ? presence and function in the organism (tutorial: glycemic curve, glycemic control) ? Dynamics of membranes: transport mechanisms, cell receptors, forms of intercellular communication ? General neurophysiology: central NS, peripheral NS, potential at rest and in action, synapses, neurotransmitters and signal substances, principles of drug effects on the NS (tut. reflexes) ? Sensory physiology: comparative physiology ? sight, hearing, touch, taste and smell; sensory receptors, principal of signal transmission. (tut. sight: perimetry, evidence of rods and cones in the retina, evidence of blind spot, Purkyně images, visual acuity, colour perception, optical illusions, visual defects, distribution of taste and skin receptors, etc.). ? General endocrinology: general principles of synthesis, transport and effect of hormones on the basis of their chemical structure (tut. virtual lab) ? General immunology: tissue, cellular and molecular components of the immune system, general properties of non-specific and specific immunity, allergies, autoimmune diseases (tut. virtual lab) . ? Principals of muscular contraction: molecular basis of contraction of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles (tut. segmentation analysis of the body) ? Physiology of body fluids: hemolymph, blood, lymph, tissue fluid, function of body fluids, blood cells, hemopoiesis, coagulation, blood antigenic systems; (tut. counting of blood cells of cattle, sheep, horses, rodents ? generalised method, osmotic resistance of erythrocytes, determination of the level of cholesterol, determination of the level of O2 and CO in blood); ? Physiology of circulatory system: open and closed circulatory system, blood vessels, heart, conduction system, regulation of heart activity (tut. demonstration of heart, valves, blood pressure, blood circulation control, capillaroscopy of a frog, ECG, AED ? demonstration on a training device); ? Respiration: types of respiratory systems, principle of oxygen distribution, blood dyes, mechanics and regulation of breathing (tut. lung volumes, VK, NHVK, water and digital spirometry, apnoea, demonstration of breathing of invertebrates and birds); ? Digestion: types of digestive systems, extracellular and intracellular digestion, digestive enzymes, digestion and absorption of nutrients (tut. swallowing, BMI measurement, resorption, demonstration of stomachs of ruminants and omnivores); ? Metabolisms: anabolisms, catabolism, basal metabolisms, principals of transformation of substances and energies in an organism (tut. segmentation body analysis, virtual lab) ? Physiology of excretion: types of excretory systems, comparative physiology of excretion of terrestrial and aquatic (freshwater and marine) animals, demonstration of kidneys, glomerular filtration. (tut. water dilution experiment, chemical composition of urine, determination of blood urea) ? Reproduction physiology: comparative physiology of male and female reproductive organs, forms of reproduction, external and internal fertilisation, ontogenetic development of an individual, hormonal regulation (tut. virtual lab) ? Temperature, its influence and maintenance: heat exchange, adaptation to fluctuating temperatures of environment, adaptation to cold, adaptation to overheating, physical thermoregulation, chemical thermoregulation, central thermoregulation, hibernation ? Problem of body size and proportions ? Biorhythms: biorhythms as evolutionary adaptation, external influences, their periodicity and influence on an organism, weak and subtle synchronisers, relation of biorhythms to environment, evolutionary biorhythms, molecular basis of operation of the internal clock and oscillator localisation
|
| Learning activities and teaching methods |
| Lecture, Demonstration, Projection (static, dynamic), Laboratory Work |
| Learning outcomes |
|
The subject provides students with a comprehensive view of animal physiology in context in both the theory (lectures, seminars) and the practice (tutorials, virtual labs). The focus of the content is the comparative physiology of individual organ systems of animals (invertebrates, vertebrates, incl. humans). Students learn about the function of the basic control and homeostatic systems (the nervous, endocrine and immune systems). The cardiovascular and respiratory systems are also presented, as well as the systems of material and energy supply provision, excretion and thermoregulation. Finally, the physiology of movement and load, reproduction and ontogenetic development is focused on. From the methodological point of view, the emphasis is put on students to realise the interdependence of individual physiological processes and to understand the wider context of development across animal groups. With respect to the latest scientific knowledge, General physiological principals are presented on the cellular and molecular levels with references to significant physiological medical discoveries and Nobel Prize. The current pathophysiological issues are addressed in brief following the basic physiology. The lectures and seminars are interactive using multimedia technology incl. descriptive animations which facilitate the students? grasp of the complex interdependent physiological processes. The tutorials present modern methods of physiological work and the latest instruments that the students can tests themselves within selected experiments.
Student should be able to (after attending the course): - Characterise elementary chemical composition of living organisms. - Describe the architecture and function of the cell and its compartments. - Characterise general physiological processes. - Characterise functions of particular organs systems. - Compare basic evolutionary trends among organs systems in animals. |
| Prerequisites |
|
Elementary knowledge in biochemistry, cell biology and anatomy
BOT/OBBC ----- or ----- BOT/OBBI ----- or ----- KCB/OBBC ----- or ----- KCB/OBBI ----- or ----- ZOO/OZP |
| Assessment methods and criteria |
|
Written exam
Attendance in tutorials, writing protocols. |
| Recommended literature |
|
| Study plans that include the course |
| Faculty | Study plan (Version) | Category of Branch/Specialization | Recommended semester | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Faculty: Faculty of Science | Study plan (Version): Biology for Education (2019) | Category: Biology courses | 2 | Recommended year of study:2, Recommended semester: Summer |