1. Introduction into the basic concepts of chemistry - some definitions - metric system, atomic structure, the periodic table, ionic and covalent bonding, nomenclature of chemical elements and compounds, balancing chemical reactions, oxidation/reduction, states of matter, and solution concentrations 2. Polar Covalent Bonds, Acids and Bases - Electronegativity, formal charge, resonance structures - definitions and strengths of acids and bases, organic acids and bases 3. Alkanes and Stereochemistry - functional groups, isomers, alkyl groups - IUPAC naming rules, common names - properties of alkanes, conformations and Newman projections, fuels and petroleum refining 4. Cycloalkanes and Their Stereochemistry - Naming, cis-trans isomerism, stability, ring strain, polycyclic molecules 5. Overview of Organic Reactions - Major classes of organic reactions, introduction to mechanisms, radicals, polar reactions, equilibria, rates and energy changes, bond dissociation energies, energy diagrams 6. Hydrocarbons - Chemistry, properties, typical reactivity 7. Alkenes: Structure and Reactivity - Carbon-carbon double bonds, electrophilic addition reactions, industrial preparation and use of alkenes, naming, stereoisomerism, carbocations. 8. Alkenes: Reactions and Synthesis - Elimination reactions, halogenation, addition of water, reductions and oxidations of alkenes, synthesis of cyclopropane, chain-growth polymers, reaction stereochemistry 9. Alkynes: basic reactivity and preparation - Nomenclature, preparation of alkynes by elimination reactions, addition reactions of HX and X2, hydrations, reductions, oxidative cleavage 10. Benzene and Aromaticity - Structure and stability of benzene, the Huckel 4n+2 rule, pyridine and pyrrole, polycyclic compounds 11. Origin of fossil fuels, carbon cycle, chemical composition of biomass Laboratory 1. Methane synthesis (via decarboxylation process) 2. Ethen (ethylene) synthesis (via acid triggered elimination from ethanol) 3. Ethyne (acetylene) synthesis (via calcium carbine hydrolysis) 4. Biodiesel synthesis (additive to diesel - transesterification)
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