1. Introduction, sampling of geological materials, sample representativeness, preliminary treatment and preparation of samples for analysis. 2. Sampling of environmental samples - water, soil, recent sediments, air 3. Separation methods, grain-size analysis 4. Measurement of physical properties of rocks and minerals -specific gravity, microhardness, nanoindentation, reflectance, volour, magnetic susceptibility 5. Classical chemical analysis (decomposition), examples of methods for different tasks ("wet" rock analysis, complex soil analysis, analysis of contaminated sediments, water analysis) 6. Emission spectroscopies -flame photometry, AES-ICP, ICP-MS, LA-ICP-MS, XPS, XRF, INAA) 7. Absorption spectrioscopies - AAS, IR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy 8. Thermal analysis methods 9. Radioactivity of rocks and minerals 10. Examples of spectroscopic methods applied in environmental monitioring 11. Electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) 12. Electron microanalysis 13. X-ray diffraction, qualitative and quantitative phase analysis, exaples of application
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Introduction to modern laboratory research methods used in geology
Students shold be able to: - choose proper methods of sampling geological objects, ensuring representativeness and unbiased nature of samples. - employ methods of sample pre-treatment (including separation techniques), and select appropriate methods of classical chemical analysis - "wet chemistry" (gravimetry, titration, complexometry). - define which instrumental analytical methods (flame photometry, AES-ICP, ICP-MS, AAS, XRF, vibrational spectroscopies, XRD, SEM, EMPA, INAA) are appropriate for specific purposes or sample types. - recalculate the results of electron microprobe analyses and recognise the conclusions that can be derived from the results of the above spectroscopic analyses. - describe the processes controlling the behaviour of stable and radiogenic isotopes in geological environment.
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