|
Lecturer(s)
|
-
Nožková Vladimíra, Mgr. Ph.D.
|
|
Course content
|
1. Electricity and plants. Electric field, potential, and voltage. Electrostatic induction. Electric current, source. Electric organs in animals. Electromagnetic field. Signal processing. Fourier analysis. 2. Biological membranes. Membrane structure. Membrane dynamics. Membrane transport, selective channels. Electrical properties of membranes. 3. Concept of membrane voltage/potential. Electrochemical potential; Nernst and other equations. 4. Resting membrane potential, action potential, variation potential, and system potential. Mechanisms of their generation. Depolarization, hyperpolarization. Voltage-gated ion channels. 5. Methods for measuring electrical signals in plants: surface, extracellular, and intracellular measurements; the "aphid" method; the patch-clamp method. 6. Generation and propagation of electrical signals following stress exposure in plants and animals/humans. Common and distinguishing characteristics. 7. Mechanisms of trap closure in the Venus flytrap, leaflet folding in the sensitive plant (*Mimosa pudica*), and trichome bending in the sundew (*Drosera*). 8. Long-distance electrical signal propagation. Vascular bundles as transport pathways ("green cables"), plasmodesmata, Ca?? ions as signaling molecules and Ca?? channels ("hot spots"), extracellular pH. 9. Pressure and osmotic phenomena in plants following injury. Hydraulic signal. 10. Practical demonstration of multi-channel electrical voltage measurement on the plant surface relative to a reference point. Monitoring electrical signals propagating through the plant following local injury.
|
|
Learning activities and teaching methods
|
|
Lecture
|
|
Learning outcomes
|
To acquire fundamental knowledge regarding systemic and rapid signaling pathways in plants. Mechanisms of the generation, propagation, and action of electrical signals in plants. Classification of electrical signals in plants and comparison with animal electrophysiology. Interaction of rapid electrical signals with other rapid signals (hydraulic signals, ROS) or slow signals. Methods for measuring electrical signals in plants.
The student will acquire knowledge regarding the propagation of electrical signals in plants, their generation and action in target tissues under stress conditions, and methods for measuring electrical signals.
|
|
Prerequisites
|
Basic knowledge of plant physiology and high-school level electricity and magnetism
|
|
Assessment methods and criteria
|
Mark
Exam grade; requirement to achieve 60% correct answers on the test.
|
|
Recommended literature
|
-
Hlaváčková V. (2009). Physical and chemical signals and their action in systemic responses of plants to local wounding.. In.
-
Huber, A. E, Bauerle, T. L. (2016). Long-distance plant signaling pathways in response to multiple stressors: the gap in knowledge.. Journal of Experimental Botany 67(7).
-
Sukhov, V., Sukhova, E., Vodeneev, V. (2019). Long-distance electrical signals as a link between the local action of stressors and the systemic physiological responses in higher plants. Progress in Biophysics & Molecular Biology 146.
-
Tyler, S. E. (2017). Nature's Electric Potential: A Systematic Review of the Role of Bioelectricity in Wound Healing and Regenerative Processes in Animals, Humans, and Plants. Frontiers in Physiology 8.
-
Volkov, A. G. (2006). Plant Electrophysiology. Theory and Methods..
|