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Lecturer(s)
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Course content
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1. Introduction into biosynthesis " some definitions - phototrophs, chemotrophs; metabolism (catabolism/anabolism), 1° & 2° metabolites 2. Origin of metabolism and overview of primary metabolism -> secondary metabolites " Biological/biosynthetic reactions - enzyme and cofactor chemistry " The shikimate biosynthetic pathway - phenyl propanoids, lignans and lignins, flavonoids and isoprenoids. " Fatty acid and polyketide biosynthesis, acetate hypothesis, aliphatic and aromatic compounds " Terpene and steroid biosynthesis. " Alkaloid biosynthesis. " The most important classes of natural organic compounds will be analyzed in terms of chemical structure, biogenesis, stereochemistry, physico-chemical properties, and reactivity. 3. Carbohydrates: classification and structures of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and glycosides. Protecting Group strategies in the synthesis of glycosides. Chemical transformation of monosaccharides and stereoselective synthesis of glycosides. Nucleosides and nucleotides, glycolipids and glycoproteins.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Lecture, Dialogic Lecture (Discussion, Dialog, Brainstorming)
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Learning outcomes
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The aim of the course is to introduce students to a brief overview of primary metabolism, enzymatic reactions and cofactor chemistry in enzymatic reactions and a demonstration of the formation of major classes of secondary metabolites: shikimate derivatives, alkaloids, fatty acids, polyketides and isoprenoids. In many cases, understanding the individual reaction steps from the mechanistic point of view of organic chemistry allowed the better design of transformations describing metabolic pathways and enzymatic reactions. In the same way, the isolation and structural determination of secondary metabolites with interesting biological properties has led to the design of new reaction methods, catalysts or sequences that "mimic" various enzymatic reactions or metabolic pathways.
- Recognize and classify natural substances according to their origin - Understand the biological and chemical origin of these substances - Suggest a probable mechanism of formation for these substances - Understand the pitfalls of the biomimetic approach in the synthesis of natural products
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Prerequisites
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Students are required to acquire bases of biochemistry and organic chemistry.
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Mark, Oral exam, Written exam
Oral exam is accessible only if 60% success rate is reached during the written pre-exam.
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Recommended literature
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A. E. Osbourn, V. Lanzotti ed. (2009). Plant-derived natural products : synthesis, function, and application. Dordrecht, Springer.
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Buchanan B.B., Gruissem W., Jones R.L. (2001). Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plants. Am. Soc. Plant Physiol. Rockville, Maryland.
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Rajesh Arora ed. (2010). Medicinal plant biotechnology. Cambridge, CABI.
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Voet D., Voet J. G., Pratt, Ch. W. (2006). Fundamentals of Biochemistry. New York, USA.
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