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Lecturer(s)
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Petřivalský Marek, prof. Mgr. Dr.
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Course content
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An introduction to the chemistry and biology of free radicals. Reactive oxygen species (ROS): chemical properties and reactivity, cellular localization, mechanisms of formation and degradation of ROS, non-enzymatic and enzymatic mechanisms of the antioxidant system. Reactive nitrogen forms (RNS): enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms of NO production and degradation, nitrite and nitrate metabolism, NO scavengers. Reactive sulfur forms: formation mechanisms, signaling pathways, biological significance of sulfane production and metabolism. Redox signaling and redox regulation of biochemical processes ? basic principles and mechanisms, retrograde signaling, redoxome and redoxomics. Post-translational modification of proteins by the action of free radicals ? oxidation, nitrosation and nitration of proteins, persulfidation. Lipid modification: oxidation, peroxidation and nitration of fatty acids. Oxidation and nitration of nucleic acid components and free nucleotides. ROS and RNS in the immune system of animals and plants, autoimmune diseases. Important pathological processes associated with disturbed regulation of the level of free radicals: inflammation, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, lung diseases and asthma, cancer. Formation of radicals due to external influences: smoking and polluted air, radiation and UV radiation, metabolism of xenobiotics, redox cycling of transition metals. Radical theory of aging, use of antioxidant substances in human nutrition. Principles and applications of selected methods of analysis of the most important types of free radicals in biological material in vivo and in vitro.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Lecture, Monologic Lecture(Interpretation, Training), Dialogic Lecture (Discussion, Dialog, Brainstorming)
- Attendace
- 26 hours per semester
- Homework for Teaching
- 55 hours per semester
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Learning outcomes
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Gain broader knowledge and understanding of the concepts, mechanisms and regulation of energy transformations in living cells and organisms.
Understanding of the basic principles and mechanisms of the formation of free radicals and related reactive forms of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur in cells and organisms, the ability to describe the mechanisms of action of free radicals and their involvement in important physiological and pathological processes.
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Prerequisites
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Completion of the Basics of Biochemistry course (KBC/BCH) is a prerequisite.
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Mark, Oral exam
The course ends with an oral exam.
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Recommended literature
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Farag C et al. (2018). Nitric oxide signalling in cardiovascular health and disease. Nature Rev. Cardiol. 15, 292?316..
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Foyer C. (2018). Reactive oxygen species, oxidative signaling and the regulation of photosynthesis. Environ Exp Bot. 154:134-142.
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Giles G et al. (2017). The Reactive Sulfur Species Concept: 15 Years On. Antioxidants 6(2). pii: E38.
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Griendling KK et al. (2016). Measurement of Reactive Oxygen Species, Reactive Nitrogen Species, and Redox-Dependent Signaling in the Cardiovascular Systém. Circ Res. 119(5): e39?e75..
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Kalyanaraman B et al. (2018). Teaching the basics of reactive oxygen species and their relevance to cancer biology: Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species detection, redox signaling, and targeted therapies. Redox Biol.15:347-362.
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