Microbiology: Historical highlights of microbiology, relevance of microorganisms. Classification of microorganisms and characteristics of individual groups (cell structure and function, nutrition, metabolism, ecology, reproduction and genetics). Interactions of microorganisms with other microbes, plants and animals, including humans. Comparison of pathogenesis in bacteria and fungal organisms. Effect of environmental factors on the growth of microorganisms, physical and chemical agents in microbe control. Methods of cultivation and determination. Bacterial and yeast plasmids, application in biotechnology. Virology: Sub-cellular infectious agents: viruses, viroids, satelite viruses, satelite nucleic acids. The function and formation of virus particles. The structure of virus genomes. Genetic and non-genetic interactions between viruses. Host infection, transcription a replication strategies. Pathogenesis, defense mechanism, recovery. Ecology and transmission of viruses. Epidemiology. Prevention and control of virus diseases. Resistance breeding and induced resistance. Disease diagnosis and virus detection. Principles of virus classification. Plant disease caused by viruses. Plant viruses in biotechnology.
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