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Lecturer(s)
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Otřísal Pavel, prof. Ing. Ph.D., MBA
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Course content
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1. Introduction to the course and historical aspects of nuclear weapons 2. Fundamentals of radioactivity and properties of radionuclides 3. Types of ionizing radiation, its interactions with matter, and fundamental dosimetric quantities 4. Effects of ionizing radiation on humans and principal exposure pathways 5. Radioactive substances and sources of ionizing radiation in industry and other sectors 6. Nuclear energy, nuclear facilities, and basic types of radiological and nuclear incidents 7. Radiological weapons and radiological threats 8. Nuclear and radiological weapons, their effects, and contemporary development trends 9. Population protection against the effects of ionizing radiation and radiological and nuclear incidents 10. Fundamentals of decontamination and removal of radioactive contamination
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Monologic Lecture(Interpretation, Training), Dialogic Lecture (Discussion, Dialog, Brainstorming), Work with Text (with Book, Textbook), Projection (static, dynamic)
- Attendace
- 26 hours per semester
- Homework for Teaching
- 10 hours per semester
- Semestral Work
- 20 hours per semester
- Preparation for the Course Credit
- 6 hours per semester
- Preparation for the Exam
- 22 hours per semester
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Learning outcomes
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The aim of the course is to provide students with the specialist knowledge and skills required to understand radiological and nuclear threats associated with CBRN incidents, assess their potential consequences, and apply the fundamental principles of population protection against the effects of ionizing radiation and radioactive contamination. The course builds upon knowledge acquired in CBRN Incidents 1 and further develops students' ability to analyse emergency and security situations involving hazardous substances and weapons of mass destruction. The course focuses on the historical development and use of nuclear weapons, the fundamental principles of radioactivity, the properties of radionuclides, types of ionizing radiation, and their interactions with matter. Particular attention is paid to fundamental dosimetric quantities, the biological effects of ionizing radiation on humans, exposure pathways, and the distinction between external and internal irradiation and radioactive contamination. The course also addresses radioactive substances and sources of ionizing radiation used in industry and other sectors, the basic principles of nuclear energy, the operation of nuclear facilities, and the characteristics of selected radiological and nuclear incidents. Specific attention is devoted to radiological and nuclear weapons, their effects, potential consequences, and contemporary technological developments. Emphasis is placed on analysing and assessing risks associated with radiological and nuclear incidents, identifying the sources and nature of threats, distinguishing exposure pathways, and proposing appropriate measures to protect human life and health. Through scenario-based activities, students apply fundamental principles of radiation protection, assess measures to reduce external and internal irradiation and radioactive contamination, and explain the basic principles of decontamination, particularly the removal of radioactive contamination. Students also distinguish between protective actions that individuals or teachers can undertake and procedures requiring intervention by specialized emergency response personnel, taking into account the specific requirements of protecting people in school environments. The course also develops students' ability to search for, critically evaluate, and interpret reliable scientific and professional information, independently prepare and present a specialist topic, and substantiate proposed conclusions and procedures. Students apply the acquired knowledge to communicate selected aspects of ionizing radiation, radiological and nuclear threats, and principles of safe behaviour to school pupils in a factually accurate, comprehensible, and age-appropriate manner, while taking into account teachers' responsibility for their protection.
Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to: 1. Explain the historical context of the emergence, development, and use of nuclear weapons and describe their significance in relation to security threats and population protection. 2. Explain the fundamental principles of radioactivity and the properties of radionuclides, distinguish between different types of ionizing radiation, and describe their basic physical characteristics. 3. Explain the fundamental principles of the interaction of ionizing radiation with matter, describe selected dosimetric quantities, and interpret their significance for radiation exposure assessment and personal protection. 4. Describe the fundamental biological effects of ionizing radiation on humans, distinguish external and internal irradiation from radioactive contamination, and explain the main pathways of exposure to radionuclides. 5. Describe the use of radioactive substances and sources of ionizing radiation in industry and other sectors, explain the basic principles of nuclear energy and the operation of nuclear facilities, and distinguish between selected types of radiological and nuclear incidents. 6. Distinguish between the main types of nuclear and radiological weapons, describe their operating principles, potential effects and consequences for the population, and explain contemporary trends in their development. 7. Analyse a simulated radiological or nuclear incident, identify the source and nature of the threat, assess the main exposure pathways, and evaluate the principal factors influencing potential consequences for affected individuals. 8. Propose appropriate measures to reduce external and internal irradiation and radioactive contamination, apply fundamental principles of radiation protection, and distinguish actions that individuals or teachers can undertake from procedures requiring intervention by specialized emergency response personnel. 9. Explain the purpose and fundamental principles of radiological decontamination, particularly the removal of radioactive contamination, and assess their importance in protecting individuals against the consequences of radioactive contamination. 10. Search for, interpret, compare, and critically evaluate scientific and professional information concerning radioactivity, ionizing radiation, and radiological and nuclear threats, distinguish scientifically supported information from unsubstantiated claims, and substantiate conclusions with relevant evidence. 11. Independently prepare and present a selected specialist topic through an interactive video presentation, use accurate professional terminology, draw on reliable and properly cited information sources, and substantiate the chosen approach and conclusions. 12. Transform selected aspects of ionizing radiation, radiological and nuclear threats, or protective measures into factually accurate, comprehensible, and age-appropriate educational content for school pupils, linking specialist knowledge with practical principles of health protection and safe behaviour. The course contributes primarily to the development of competencies defined in the Competence Framework for Graduate Teachers (KRAAU): 1.1 (understanding and continuing development of subject-specific knowledge), 1.2 (pedagogical transformation and communication of subject content to pupils), and selected aspects of competency 6.2 (responsible use of information and digital tools).
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Prerequisites
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Successful completion of CBRN Incidents 1 (KAT/CBRN1 for full-time study or KAT/KCBRN1 for the combined mode of study) is a prerequisite for enrolment in this course. The course builds upon the specialist knowledge and skills acquired in CBRN Incidents 1, particularly in the areas of CBRN threats, population protection, risk assessment, and fundamental principles of protective measures. This knowledge is further developed and applied to the study of radioactivity, ionizing radiation, radiological and nuclear incidents, radiological and nuclear weapons, and measures to protect the population against their effects.
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Oral exam, Seminar Work, Written exam
1. To successfully complete the course, students are required to attend at least 80% of seminars, actively participate in simulated emergency and security scenarios and practical assignments, complete an individual seminar assignment, and undergo the final assessment of learning outcomes. An individual oral seminar presentation is optional. 2. The individual seminar assignment takes the form of an interactive video presentation on an assigned topic or a topic proposed by the student and approved in advance by the instructor. The video presentation must be prepared in accordance with the instructions, methodological guidelines, and technical requirements published in Moodle. Its content must be based on relevant academic and professional literature and other reliable sources, which must be clearly identified and properly cited. The completed video presentation must be submitted through Moodle by the specified deadline, where it will be assessed by the instructor and, if necessary, returned for revision. 3. During an optional individual oral seminar presentation, students introduce their selected specialist topic, explain the content and methodological approach of their video presentation, justify their chosen method of preparation, and respond to professional comments and questions. Assessment focuses primarily on subject-specific and terminological accuracy, the relevance of the topic, content structure, clarity of presentation, appropriate use of interactive elements, work with professional sources, correct referencing, compliance with the prescribed requirements, and, where applicable, the quality of the oral presentation. 4. During seminars, students participate in professional discussions and analyse simulated radiological and nuclear incidents, particularly situations involving radioactive substances, sources of ionizing radiation, radioactive contamination, and the protection of affected individuals. They identify the source and nature of threats, establish priorities for action, propose appropriate protective measures, and determine how to request professional assistance. They use relevant information sources and distinguish actions that individuals or teachers can undertake from procedures requiring intervention by specialized emergency response personnel. 5. The final assessment consists of a supervised, on-site written test administered through Moodle. The test comprises 50 scored closed-ended and fill-in-the-blank questions, each with one correct answer. It assesses knowledge of radioactivity, ionizing radiation, radioactive substances, radiological and nuclear incidents, radiological and nuclear weapons, and the principles of population protection. Given the course progression, the test also includes selected topics covered in CBRN Incidents 1. 6. A score of 40-50 points (80-100%) forms the basis for grading according to a previously published assessment scale. Students scoring fewer than 40 points must complete an oral assessment of learning outcomes, arranged in advance with the instructor and conducted in accordance with the regulations of Palacký University Olomouc. Active participation and high-quality academic performance during seminars, including an optional individual oral presentation, may be taken into account in the overall assessment according to previously established criteria. 7. Students may use voluntary practice tests available in Moodle for continuous knowledge assessment and self-evaluation. These tests are formative and do not contribute to the final grade. Course completion requirements and assessment criteria are published in Moodle at the beginning of the semester. Approved accommodations for students with specific needs are respected throughout the assessment process.
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Recommended literature
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DANIŠ, Stanislav. (2022). Atomová fyzika a elektronová struktura látek. Praha.
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FIDLER, Jiří. (2026). Putinova triáda. Praha.
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FLORUS, Stanislav a Pavel OTŘÍSAL. (2015). Konstrukce obličejových masek. Brno.
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HASIČSKÝ ZÁCHRANNÝ SBOR ČESKÉ REPUBLIKY. Vzdělávací moduly zpracované podle Koncepce vzdělávání v oblasti ochrany obyvatelstva a krizového řízení. 2017.
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HNATOWICZ, Vladimír. Jaderné zbraně: princip a historie. Praha. 2024.
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KAVAN, Štěpán, Marek SMETANA a Kateřina TOMANOVÁ. (2020). Ochrana a bezpečnost obyvatelstva při chemické a radiační havárii: safebook. Praha.
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KEAN, Sam. (2022). Atomoví parchanti: skutečný příběh vědců a špionů, kteří sabotovali snahu nacistů vyrobit atomovou bombu. Praha.
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LEBEDA, Ondřej. (2022). Podivuhodný svět radionuklidů: od fyziky k medicíně. Praha.
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MINISTERSTVO VNITRA ? GENERÁLNÍ ŘEDITELSTVÍ HASIČSKÉHO ZÁCHRANNÉHO SBORU ČR. (2017). Bojový řád jednotek požární ochrany. Ostrava.
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OTŘÍSAL, Pavel a Radim ZAHRADNÍČEK. (2018). Vyhodnocování radiační, chemické a biologické situace: studijní text. Brno.
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OTŘÍSAL, Pavel. (2019). Nové přístupy k ochraně proti zbraním hromadného ničení v operacích: vysokoškolská učebnice. Brno.
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PLOKHY, Serhii. (2019). Černobyl: historie jaderné katastrofy. Brno.
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PODZIMEK, František. (2022). Radiologická fyzika: ochrana před ionizujícím zářením. Praha.
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RHODES, Richard. (2026). Zrození atomové bomby. Brno.
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TLAPÁK NAVRÁTILOVÁ, Jana, Jaromír BLÁHA, Jakub HANDRLICA, Ingrid GALOVCOVÁ, Štěpán KOCHÁNEK a Ladislav VESELÝ. (2023). Atomový zákon (č. 263/2016 Sb.): komentář. Praha.
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