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Lecturer(s)
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Špatenková Naděžda, PhDr. Mgr. Ph.D.
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Course content
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1. Definition of the subject of psychology. For present psychology it is typical that it does not have united subject. It possible to distinguish main psychological or psychotherapeutic branches within psychology. They are mainly modernist branches: dynamic, behavioural, cognitive-behavioural or humanistic. Nowadays we can also see the rise of postmodernist trends in psychology: systemic approaches. 2. Research methods of psychics. The scientific and the clinical methods will be distinguished. We will focus on these clinical methods observation, interview and psychological tests. When the observation will be considered, the focus will be on the basic steps of the observation process, we will name the events and their characteristics that can be observed, the kinds of observation and the possible ways of deduction out of the observed. When the interview will be considered, the focus will be on the basic steps of the interview and techniques of an interview. Psychological tests will be defined and distinguished as achievement tests, questionnaire and projective tests. Students will learn generally about the tests. 3. Consciousness, consciousness disorders. Consciousness is the psychical basis necessary for the process of individual psychical actions (cognitive, affective and volitional psychical action. The optimal form of consciousness, the prosecution of the individual characteristic of consciousness is a precondition for the optimal course of these mental processes. In the context of consciousness we will present the disturbances of consciousness (quantitative and qualitative disturbances of consciousness). 4. Attention, disturbances of attention. Attention is a mental focusing on particular events and objects, and it is directly bound to the consciousness. Attention is known as intentional, post-intentional and non-intentional. We can characterize intention through these characteristics: stability, concentration, extent, switching, and intensity. In the context of attention we will present the quantitative and qualitative disturbances of attention. 5. Cognitive mental processes and their disorders I. Perception. Perception is a graphic and actual part of cognitive psychical processes; it is a reflection of sensually perceptive events in our mind. The final picture is not a result of perceptive characteristics, but also the meaning that is given to it by the observer. The perception disorders can be diversified into two groups - illusions and hallucinations. Illusions are biased perceptions which are results of our limited perception. Illusions are diversified according to the sense modality and there are vision, hearing, smell, taste, touch and commotion illusions. Hallucinations develop on unhealthy basis and we will discuss individual hallucinations. 6. Cognitive mental processes and their disorders II. Imagination, phantasy. Imagination is a psychic picture generated by our consciousness which is the reconstruction of previously perceived reality. It consists of a graphic part and also of some kind of generalization. The result of the fantasy production is a picture in human consciousness which shows objects or events which were impossible to perceive for the individual in the past. Fantasy has intentional and non-intentional form. The intentional is further précised to be reproductive, day dreaming, constructive. 7. Cognitive mental processes and their disorders III. Memory. 8. Cognitive mental processes and their disorders IV. Thinking. 9. Quantitative thinking disorders. 10. Learning. 11. Affective mental processes. 12. Conative mental processes.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Lecture, Dialogic Lecture (Discussion, Dialog, Brainstorming), Demonstration
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Learning outcomes
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The course provides an explanation of the fundamental categories of general psychology. Attention is paid also to the issue of general psychopathology dealing with the pathological course of basic psychological processes or outlines a possible form of existing pathological states. The text interconnects the issues of general psychology and general psychopathology what enables the students to deeper understand the continuum between psychological normality and pathology.
student knows the basic psychological and psychotherapeutic theories; student can name individual kinds of psychic processes; student can define partial features of pathological forms of these psychical processes. student can look up the psychological knowledge in the literature, scientific magazines and electronic sources; student recognizes positive personal potential and critical points in the area of the own psychic states; student recognizes basic forms of pathological forms of individual psychic processes. student can work with individual psychological information on the elementary basis on elementary level.
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Prerequisites
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No prior requirements.
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Mark, Written exam, Seminar Work
To gain the credit, it is necessary to work out the all three correspondence tasks. To get to the exam it is necessary to gain the credit. The exam has a written test form followed by an oral test.
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Recommended literature
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Atkinsonová, R.L., Atkinson, R.C., Smith, E.E., Bem, D.J. Psychologie. Praha, 1996..
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Kliment, Pavel. Základy psychologie. Olomouc: FF UP, 2001..
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Nakonečný, M. Lexikon psychologie. Praha: Vodnář, 1995..
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Plzáková, A. Učebnice obecné psychologie. Praha: Academia, 2007..
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Zvolský, P. a kol. Obecná psychiatrie. Praha: Karolinum1998..
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