State Examination Topics for January 2027: 1. Psychology as a scientific discipline, its goals, historical development and context, the subject of interest according to the main trends of the 20th century. 2. Division of psychological disciplines, methods of psychological research, basic psychological phenomena - psyche, psychic contents, processes, states. 3. Perception, attention, memory, imagination, fantasy. 4. Thinking and intelligence - definition of terms, types, functions, models. 5. Selected types of learning - habituation, conditioning (classical, instrumental, operant), conceptual and cognitive learning, social learning. 6. Motivation and division of motives, needs, context of learning. 7. Personality development - factors of development, maturation vs. learning in the context of development, socialization, major theories of developmental periodization. 8. Temperament and personality traits - selected theories and models. 9. Self-concept, frustration, anxiety, ego-defense mechanisms, personality disorders. 10. Stress and strain in education on the part of educators - risk factors, traits, coping and protective factors, theories of optimal performance; burnout syndrome on the part of educators - risk and protective factors. 11. Social perception, forming impression about other people, basic attribution error. 12. Small social groups - basic divisions and characteristics of groups, group development, group dynamics. 13. Social influences - social roles, social facilitation vs. inhibition, conformity, obedience. 14. Communication - types, divisions, contribution of the systemic approach of the Paloalto school and E. Berne's transactional analysis. 15. Social interaction, interpersonal behaviour, prosocial behaviour, aggression and aggressiveness. 16. Attitudes and their structure, prejudices, stereotypes, changes in attitudes. State Examination Topics for May 2027 and Later: 1. Psychology as a scientific discipline - its aims and subject matter according to the major schools of thought of the 20th century. 2. Branches of psychology, methods of psychological research, and basic psychological phenomena - the psyche, mental contents, processes, and states. 3. Cognitive processes - perception and attention. 4. Cognitive processes - memory and mental imagery. 5. Cognitive processes - thinking and intelligence. 6. Cognitive processes - learning: habituation, conditioning (classical, instrumental, and operant), cognitive and social learning. 7. Motivation and needs in the context of education. 8. Personality development - factors influencing development; maturation vs. learning in the context of development. Major theories of developmental stages and periodization (selected Czech and international theorists). 9. Temperament and personality traits - selected theories and models (temperament - Eysenck, Cloninger, Fischerová; personality traits - Cattell, Eysenck). 10. Morality. Theories of moral development - Piaget, Kohlberg. 11. Character. Theories of character development - Freud, Fromm. 12. Adults in the educational process - educability, intelligence and learning ability, psychological barriers. 13. Learning and cognitive styles - characteristics, differences, and classifications (hemispheric dominance, surface vs. deep learning, learning pyramid). 14. Social perception, attribution theories (Heider, Kelley), impression formation (Asch), and impression management (Goffman). 15. Social influence - social roles (Zimbardo), social facilitation (Zajonc) vs. social loafing, conformity (Asch), obedience (Milgram). 16. Social relationships - prosocial behavior and the bystander effect, the damsel-in-distress hypothesis, aggression and aggressiveness. 17. Attitudes - structure, LaPiere's paradox, prejudice, stereotypes, attitude change (Festinger).
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