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Lecturer(s)
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Faltýnek Dan, doc. Mgr. Ph.D.
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Course content
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(1) Text and information ? entropy, information value and redundancy of text, information theory; linearity/text sequencing and its influence on text formation; fractality of text; models of communication; context, presuppositions, etc.; conception of text in other sciences: informatics, nioinformatics, theoretical biology, musicology (2) Theory of intentional speech behaviour ? speech act, its identification, preferred form of description of behaviour, possibilities of systemization of speech acts, the so-called structure of human behaviour; language games; philosophical motivation of theory if intentional speech behaviour (3) Text typology ? criteria of textuality, relation between text type and its structure, cohesion and coherence of text; isotopy, connectivity, deixis, pronominalization, ostension, function of ellipsis, function of grammatical categories, lexical devices of cohesion and coherence, congruence, etc.; hypersyntactic perspective, thematic progressions; communicative dynamism, theme and rheme, subjective and objective order, question test (4) Sentence and utterance ? langue-parole hypothesis; structural linguistics; defining sentence, sentence and proposition, valency and intentionality, verb and predicator, semantic roles, actant, complement, obligatory, potential and facultative position, question test; two-level valency syntax (5) Sign ? basic semiotic concepts; linearity, discontinuity, arbitrariness; content, expression, substance, form; interpretant; diagramatic quality and iconicity of signs, index; double articulation (6) Lexicon ? lexical semantics, relations between words/lexemes in dictionary; centre and periphery, frequency, markedness, collocability; phraseme; criteria of word delimitation; metaphoric structuring of terminological system, conceptualization of the so-called incorporation of structure of dictionary/grammar books, metaphorical quality of terminology; role of dictionary in generative grammars/algebraic linguistics; structure of dictionary against the backdrop of research of its neurological correlates (7) Grammar ? possibilities of expressing meaning; agglutination, inflexion, analytic and synthetic quality, etc.; typology of languages; language genetics; development of language (8) Horizontal and vertical stratification of language/Czech ? codification, standard, convention; pidgin, creolization and creole languages, etc. (9) Sound form of language, its descriptions and theories; phonology
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Monologic Lecture(Interpretation, Training), Dialogic Lecture (Discussion, Dialog, Brainstorming), Work with Text (with Book, Textbook)
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Learning outcomes
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The aim of the course is to provide and alternative to standard introductions to study of language. The course allows students to gain insight into foundations of study of languages based on specifically created (topics and continuity between them) introduction class (see course topics), to solidify, verify and recontextualize knowledge and competences for study of linguistics and concrete language data. The course will introduce the foundations of linguistic theory. Topics of individual classes progress from text to lower levels of description of language and communication. Individual levels then serve to demonstrate concrete approaches/concepts/theories, their methodological and historical contexts, with attention given always to borderline disciplines which discuss the issue at hand in respect to how it relates to given levels of language, from the level of text downwards. Students thus first get acquainted with principles of text cohesion and coherence, analyses of information structure of texts and manifestations of lexico-statistical laws of texts; with respect to history of linguistics attention is given to theory of text and mathematical linguistics, applications of information theory and communication theory in linguistics. The issue of sentence is hinted at first based on theory of intentional behaviour, sentence as separate semiotic reaction, attention is further given via manifestations of functional sentence perspective in text and sentence to foundations of structural, valency-based or generative description of sentence. Students will thus gain insight into the theory of speech acts and pragmatics, hypersyntactic description and development of basic syntactic descriptions of the 20th century, including theory of communicative dynamism. In this respect, the course puts accent on explanation of langue-oriented thought, from distinction between sentence and utterance, to further pursuance of its aspects in individual descriptions of language levels. The course will subsequently present descriptions of lexical system and with respect to this, theory of metaphoric conceptualization of lexicon and foundations of cognitive linguistics; context of neurolinguistics and psycholinguistics will be outlined, as will be their methods and historical development. From the viewpoint of morphology, typology of languages will be outlined (and not only morphological typology), the course presents the manners in which languages express grammatical meanings, how individual language levels participate on this expression with their respective competences, how the process of grammaticalization occurs. The concept of sign will be introduced, as it is defined by structural linguistics, and the issue of semiotics is expanded to include basic semiotic questions and standard models of sign. Structural view on language will be eventually demonstrated on phonological theories which are in turn compared to experimental methods of phonetics. Principles of language development will be introduced as well their description in diachronic linguistics. The course will conclude by discussion of issues of language stratification and language culture.
Ability of critical analysis of basic concepts of general linguistics, ability of description of various layers and levels of language and its manifestations
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Prerequisites
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unspecified
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Student performance, Dialog, Systematic Observation of Student, Analyssis of the Student's Portfolio, Seminar Work
(1) Regular preparation / required reading (2) Paper (3) Colloquium
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Recommended literature
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Černý, J. (1996). Dějiny lingvistiky. Olomouc: Votobia.
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Helbig, G. (1991). Vývoj jazykovědy po roce 1970. Praha.
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Hirschová, M. (1989). Úvod do teorie textu. Olomouc.
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Karlík, P. - Nekula, M. - Pleskalová, J. (2002). Encyklopedický slovník češtiny. Praha.
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Pleskalová, J. et all. (2007). Kapitoly z dějin české jazykovědné bohemistiky. Praha 2007. Praha.
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