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Lecturer(s)
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Cajthaml Martin, prof. Ph.D.
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Course content
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1. The Origins of Philosophical Ethics in Socrates: a critique of the Sophists' conception of arete, a critique of the traditional conception of arete, so-called "Socratic intellectualism," and a justification of the thesis that it is better to suffer injustice than to commit it. 2. The Continuation and Transformation of Philosophical Ethics in Plato: The One-Good of the unwritten doctrines and its significance for ethics and the concept of the soul, the idea of the Good in The Republic, the cardinal virtues, philosophical care of the soul and the purification of the soul. 3. Aristotle's ethics, part one: the good as end, hierarchy of goods and happiness as the highest good. 4. Aristotle's ethics, part two: the conception of virtue as a habit and a mean, moral and dianoetic virtues. 5. Aristotle's ethics, part three: Voluntariness, Deliberate Choice, Willing the End (the Good). 6. Thomas Aquinas's Concept of Natural Law: The Teleology of Human Nature; Natural Inclination; Bonum Faciendum; Causes of Defective Action 7. Enlightenment Ethics Part One - Immanuel Kant: freedom as autonomy, eudaimonism as heteronomy, the formal character of the moral law, the categorical imperative 8. Enlightenment Ethics Part Two - classical utilitarianism: general characteristics, main representatives, criticism 9. Material ethics, part one - Max Scheler: the idea of material ethics of values, critique of Kant's ethical formalism 10. Material ethics, part two - Dietrich von Hildebrand: three categories of importance, the question of preference (explanation of the possibility of deliberate wrongdoing).
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Lecture, Dialogic Lecture (Discussion, Dialog, Brainstorming), Work with Text (with Book, Textbook)
- Homework for Teaching
- 14 hours per semester
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Learning outcomes
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- make familiar with the three main paradigms of moral philosophy today: deontology, utilitarianism, and virtue ethics; these paradigms will be confronted with the view point of the so-called material value ethics - explain basic criteria for the moral evaluation of actions, attitudes, and emotions implies in the said ethics paradigms - gaining the capability to develop one´s own argued and informed moral evaluation in confrontation with the three mentioned mainstream approaches to moral philosophy
Students will 1)become familiar with basic paradigms of philosophical ethics (virtue ethics, deontological ethics, utilitarianism, material value ethics) 2)be oriented in basic ethical problems and questions 3) gain orientation in basic types of ethical argumentation and they will be able to evaluate such an argumentation critically.
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Prerequisites
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High-school level of knowledge of philosophy.
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Oral exam, Systematic Observation of Student
Pass oral colloquium. The student draws three out of ten topics named in section Content; they answer one of them, which they choose.
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Recommended literature
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Aristoteles. (1996). Etika Nikomachova. Praha.
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Cajthaml, M. (2019). The Moral Philosophy of Dietrich von Hildebrand. Washington.
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D. von Hildebrand. Ethik.
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J.S. Mill. (1947). Utilitarianism. London.
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Kant, I. (1976). Základy metafyziky mravů.. Praha.
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M. Cajthaml. Přednášky z etiky. Červený Kostelec. 2023.
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Patočka Jan. (1991). Sokrates.. Praha.
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Platón. Prótagoras, Obrana Sókrata.
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Sandel Michael J. (2015). Spravedlnost: co je správné dělat. Praha.
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Scheler, M., Scheler, M., & Frings, M. S. (2000). Der Formalismus in der Ethik und die Materiale Wertethik: neuer Versuch der Grundlegung eines ethischen Personalismus. Bonn.
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